HADiN] THE CLAN WAE-BUNDLE FEASTS 429 



place to which he is going he will live far more happUy than here 

 among men. 



(3) Filling of the ceremonial inpe and tTie smolcing ritual. — Before the 

 basic ritual of the first division is begun the attendants take some 

 tobacco and, filling the ceremonial pipe, place it near the war bundle. 

 As the first pipeful is intended for Earthmaker, the stem is directed 

 vertically. Then as soon as the appropriate songs have been sung 

 the attendant lights the pipe and passes it around the lodge, so that 

 all the men may smoke. When the pipe returns to the host it is 

 again filled. 



This procedure is repeated three more times, but as in each case 

 the offering is to a different spirit, the arrangement of the pipestem is 

 different. At the second filling of the pipe the stem is turned to the 

 west for the Thunderbirds ; at the third, it is turned to the south for 

 Disease-giver; and at the fourth, it is turned toward the earth for 

 the earth and the spirits that live under the earth. 



(4) Tobacco offerings to the sfints. — This occurs in two forms, 

 (a) and (6). 



(a) When the buckskins have been prepared and rolled up on the 

 frameworks, then all those participating march around the lodge to 

 the place where the war bundle is lying and pour tobacco upon it. 

 Tlien they offer tobacco to all the spirits worshiped. The spirits men- 

 tioned specifically are, however, few in number, the offerings being 

 really directed to the six cardinal points, east, north, west, south, 

 above, and below. 



{h) This is a more specific offering and all the spirits are mentioned 

 by name and short addresses are made to them. It is repeated three 

 times — ^once in the Sweat-Lodge ritual, then in the first, and lastly 

 in the second division 



In the Sweat-Lodge ritual the offering of tobacco is made to the 

 following spirits: Earthmaker, Thunderbirds, Great Black Hawk, 

 Night Spirits, Disease-giver, Sun, Moon, South Wind, and Eagle. 



In the first division the order is different and more spirits are sacri- 

 ficed to. The spirits to whom tobacco is offered are the following: 

 Earthmaker, Thunderbirds, Night Spirits, Disease-giver, Sun, 

 Earth, Moon, Eagle Chief, Day, South Wind, North Wind, Black 

 Hawk, Wona7i're tJaqkcik, and Great Black Hawk. 



In the second division the following spirits receive tobacco offer- 

 ings: Night Spirits, Earth, Water, Pigeon Hawk, Moon, Earthmaker, 

 Thimderbird, Great Black Hawk, Disease-giver, South Wind, and 

 Sun. 



Each spirit is addressed by name and then a handful of tobacco is 

 poured into the fire. 



(5) The huclcskin offering to the spirits. — Short prayers are addressed 

 to those spirits who are to receive buckskins and requests for power 



