KADiN] THE CLAN WAE-BTJNDLE FEASTS • 431 



simg; after the second one a dance song is sung and all the guests 

 who so desire dance around the war bvmdle; after the third one the 

 host passes the drum and other paraphernalia to the guest who is in 

 charge of the buckskin destined for Earthmaker. This guest repeats 

 the ritual in exactly the same manner as the host has done and then 

 passes the drum, etc., to the second guest, and when the time comes 

 he passes the drum, etc., to the third guest. Then the ritual of the 

 throwing out of the buckskins intervenes, and after that the feast of 

 the Night Spirits and the rite of those who have been crazed by the 

 Night Spirits. Then, when these are finished, the basic ritual is con- 

 tinued. The continuation is, however, quite different from the first 

 part and is identical with the basic ritual as given in the first part of 

 the ceremony. 



(9) Tlie throwing out of the buclslins. — A warrior of great reputa- 

 tion is selected to begin the rites preparatory to the throwing out of 

 the buckskins. One who has been blessed by the Night Spirits is 

 preferably selected. He delivers a speech, and when he is finished 

 the guests sing songs called " terminal Night Spirit " songs. Then the 

 host prepares to sing a dance song, but before that he delivers a speech. 

 Then, as the oldest men present sing, the host and the guests imper- 

 sonating the spirits to whom tobacco is sacrificed take the buckskins 

 and make the circuit of the lodge four times. An attendant precedes 

 and another follows the procession, scattering incense consisting of 

 branches of the arbor vit.T. Just before the fovu-th circuit is begim 

 aU the children smoke their hands and then touch the buckskin ded- 

 icated to Earthmaker. After the fourth circuit has been completed 

 the buckskins are unrolled and thrown out through the top of the 

 lodge, where the spirits are supposed to come and take them. After 

 this, all holding tobacco in their hands walk to the fireplace and tlirow 

 it in. Then, as a conclusion, all, even the women, rise in their re- 

 spective seats and dance. 



(10) The episode of those who have been crazed by the Night Spirits. — 

 This is plainly an intrusive feature and does not take place at every 

 performance of the ceremony. An individual who has brought liim- 

 self to a state of religious frenzy strips himself entirely and behaves 

 generally like one bereft of his senses. He sticks his hands into the 

 boiling soup and makes a wild rush for the pot where the heads are 

 being cooked and tries to bite them. It is believed that whoever gets 

 the first bite wiU, at some futm-e time, obtain a war honor. Then he 

 takes the pipe placed in the center of the lodge, smokes it, and relates 

 some war exploits. He then tells the assembled guests that in his 

 trance he commimicated with the spirits, and they told him that they 

 had accepted all the offerings made.^ 



2 There can be no doubt that we are dealing with an extremely specialized and interesting behavior, that 

 in other tribes, and for that matter among the Winnebago themselves in other ceremonies, has an entirely 

 different connotation. 



