40 THE HAKO, A PAWNEE CEREMONY [eth. ann. 23 



74 IPai't'i-i, 'liai-t'! Iliaiv re! iraivri. All the words are trans- 



lated a1)ove. See lines 72 and 7:!. 



75 llure-e! An abbreviation of the woi'd haurae, coming from above. 



The vowel changes and prolongation are for greater ease in 

 singing and also for euphony. 

 70, 77 See lines 74, 7-5. 



Explundiloii liij till Kn'raluis 



The color green represents Toharu (Vegetation), the covering of 

 H'Urarii, Mother Earth. As we sing, we ask that life be breathed 

 into the symbol, that it may have powei' as we use these sacred arti- 

 cles. " IFareri " is a prajer that living power may be where we place 

 this symbol of the covering of Mother Earth. We rememljer as we 

 sing that the power of Mother Earth to bring forth comes from above, 

 "Hiire-e." 



The Kn'rahus paints the groove red in the same way, for the same 

 reason as on the other ash stick, and when he has finished he hands 

 the green stem back to the man on his right, toward the south, who 

 holds it. 



The Ku'rahus rubs upon iiis hands the sacred ointment which lias 

 been made by mixing red clay with fat from a deer or buffalo that 

 has been consecrated to Tira'wa. lie is now ready to tie the symbolic 

 articles upon the two painted stems. 



He splits long feathers, taken from the wings of an eagle, and glnes 

 them to each stem as feathers are glued upon the shaft of an arrow. 

 He uses for tliis purpose pitch from the ]3ine tree. These wing feath- 

 ers are to remind us that tlie eagle flies near to Tira'wa. 



About one end of the stem (the mouthpiece) he fastens soft blue 

 feathers, in color like the sky where the powers dwell. He ties a 

 woodpecker's head on the stem near the mouthpiece and turns the 

 uppei' mandible ))ack upon the red crest. Tlie nian<lible covers the red 

 crest and keeps it from rising. This shows tlial the bii-d may not be 

 angrj'. The inner side of the mandible, which is exposed by being 

 turned back uixni the crest, is painted l)lue, to siiow that Tirawa is 

 looking down upon the open bill as the spirit of the bird travels along 

 the red groove to reach the people. 



About the middle of the stem the Ku'rahus binds feathei's from tlie 

 owl. The other end of the stem he thrusts through the breast, neck, 

 and mandibles of the duck, the breast reaching to the owl feathers. 

 The end of the stem protrudes a veiy little through the bill of the 

 duck, so that the bowl of a pipe could be fitted to it. The duck's 

 head, therefore, is always downward, looking toward the earth and 

 the water. 



All the birds on the stems ai'e leaders: the eagle is chief of the day; 

 the owl is chief of the night; the woodpecker is chief of the trees; 

 the duck is chief of the water. 



