CuHaPprer I] 
FIRE, STONE, TIMBER, AND PRIMITIVE TOOLS 
Fire: Obtained by rubbing and twirling (1); by flint and steel (2); carried from place 
to place (3); an aid to timber work (4); an illuminant (5). 
Stone celts and axes (6): Types of pattern (7); fixation in handles (8)* manufacture 
(9). 
Tortoise-shell axes (10). 
Engraved celts (11). 
Stone adzes and chisels (12). 
Knives: Stone (13); wood (14); fish-tooth (15). 
Scrapers: Stone (16); shell (17); tooth (18). 
Drills and drilling (19, 20); sandpaper (21). 
Modifications with introduction of iron (22). 
1. The island Carib practiced the art of making fire by friction 
between two pieces of maho (hibiscus), but judging from Rochefort’s 
Fic. 1.—Fire obtained by twirling. (After Barrére. ) 
comparison with what took place on the Amazon (RO, 494-495) 
it is clear that the method used was rubbing, not twirling. The 
latter (fig. 1) was evidently characteristic of the mainland, as in 
Cayenne (PBA, 178), on the Corentyn (StC, 1, 319), among the 
Makusi (SR, 11, 96-97), etc. The first English account of obtaining 
fire by twirling is given by St. Clair from the Arawak of the Corentyn,’ 
who used the heri-heri (yarri-yarri). In one of two pieces of stick 
belonging to it they cut a small notch, in which was inserted the end 
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