78 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF GUIANA INDIANS [=TH. ANN. 38 
18. Yet other scrapers have been recorded. Crévaux describes 
an interesting primitive form made of a bush hog’s lower jaw (pl. 7 A) 
from which the ascending rami have been removed, the canine teeth 
shaving away the timber as desired. He saw the tool employed by 
Emerillons in the manufacture of bows (Cr, 168). The Taruma and 
Waiwai use bush hogs’ teeth fitted mto the ends of a wooden handle, 
decorated with feathers, for a similar purpose (JO). The palate 
bones of certain fish, and the teeth of certain others, as the pirai, can 
also be used as scrapers, for example, in sharpening the poisoned 
darts used with the blowgun. Father Acufia, speaking of the 
Amazon Indians, has mentioned that their chisels, planes, and 
wimbles were made of wild hogs’ teeth and of the horns of other 
animals, which they inserted into wooden handles (AC, 91). 
19. There is a record of the Carib Islanders piercing the shell 
bugles for their necklaces, but seemingly, no mention is made of the 
details (PBR, 233). So also the necklets, armlets, ete., of the Caberre 
and of many Carib women on the Orinoco, made of beads from snail 
shells, must have been perforated, but there is no account of how the 
work was done (G, 1, 125). At the present day in the Uaupes River 
district the drilling of seed, fruit shells, teeth, etc., for necklace and 
other ornaments is eflected by means of a bone drill. This is made 
of a pointed fragment of monkey (Lagothriz) bone fixed with kuraua 
thread and cement into a pencil handle which is twirled with both 
hands. When not available this drill may be replaced by a bone 
or iron-pointed arrow (KG, 1, 124). Again, in the making of the 
slot running along the arrow head, into which the barb will be sub- 
sequently fastened, some five or six holes are carefully drilled in close 
apposition by twirling between both hands (like the fire stick) an 
artificially pomted monkey-bone splinter held vertically; the sub- 
stance remaining between the holes is subsequently picked and 
broken away, and the slot is thus gradually formed (sec. 129). But 
instead of using both hands the shaft may be held horizontally and 
rolled along the thigh with only one hand (pl. 7 B). Crévaux has 
thus described the making of the seed necklaces (sec. 535) of the 
Roucouyenne, Trio, etc. They employ for the purpose the capsule 
of a seed (Omphalea diandra), the envelope of which the Indian 
breaks with his teeth. Then seizing a chip in his left hand he pierces 
it with a drill rolled briskly on the right thigh. This drill is made of 
an aymara (Hoplias sp.) or sakané tooth fixed in the extremity of a 
small stick. The negroes at Kourou and Iracoubo make similar but 
finer seed necklaces, employing for the purpose a wimble put in motion 
by means of a bow (Cr, 285). A bow drill, however, is certainly 
indigenous to the Guianas, or rather, the principle upon which it 
works is no novelty to the Indians, for the Wapishana and neighboring 
