166 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF GUIANA INDIANS. [PTH, ANN, 38 
(Makusi) has a double-barb tip with two underlying barbs opposite 
one another and at right angles to it (C). Of the many forerunners 
of this oyawakashi type there is the present-day bone-tipped pointed 
fish arrow of the upper Rio Negro (KG, 1, 33), and the lanceolate 
bone and now iron arrow, tubokkeng (D, E) used for deer, ete., by 
the Taurepang. Another is the fish arrow without feathers, with 
a barb made from the radius bone of the couata monkey, described 
by Crévaux, from Cayenne (Cr, 277). Another may have been 
the kind mentioned by Pinckard, from Berbice. The common arrow 
employed in their wars or for the purpose of killing game is nearly 
6 feet long, made of a peculiarly straight and fine reed, strengthened 
at the point with a sharpened bone having a barb on one side. It is 
feathered (Pnk, 1, 487). 
Fic. 54.—Arrow ; head composite and fixed, barbed. 
140. Closely related to this group is the Arawak kassapa-aring 
(i. e., turtle—belonging to), with a pointed iron tip and single under- 
lying barb, made out of the same piece (fig. 54 A). This arrow 
is interesting in that the shaft, which is feathered, is connected with a 
wooden float (to-yuranni) by means of a long cord. The cord is 
firmly attached just below the barb and is passed through two 
loops—one at the distal end of the shaft, the other just above the 
nock. When the creature (sea turtle) is struck, the float upon the 
surface indicates the direction that it has taken. 
141. The sarapa is the Arawak name for a composite type of arrow 
made, like “ Neptune’s trident,” from three hardwood prongs, each 
of them barbed, the middle prong projecting considerably beyond 
the other two. The barbs are of iron, with the lower extremity 
bent backward (fig. 54 B). The name sarapa signifies anything 
doubled, ete., and has accordingly come to be applied to a double- 
barreled gun. It is employed by Arawak, Wapishana, Warrau, Ma- 
