ROTH] DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS AND REQUISITES 23 
Baskets, made of specially prepared strands, ete.—Continued. 
Circular or oval type of base—Radiate (416); vertebrate (417); dia- 
phragm, hexagon (418); diaphragm, loop (419, 420); unenclosed, 
twined (421); unenclosed, pentagon (422). 
Cone type of base.—Open-work (428) ; close-work (424). 
Rectangular type of base—Hipped (425, 426) ; gabled (427) ; flat, hexag- 
onal (428); crossed quadrilateral (429); checker (430); armadillo 
(wicker) (431, 4382); hour-glass (twilled) (4383-486); single central 
figure, completed article having the shape of a cylinder (437) ; tub (488) ; 
belly (489); basin, bowl (440); multiple figures, completed article 
having a box-shape known as pegall, satchel (441-446). 
Freaks (447). 
Classification of baskets (448). 
Cover basketry (449). 
Knapsacks (450) ; patterns (451) ; covers (452). 
Adaptations of natural forms to mats, trays, baskets, knapsacks, etc. (453-457). 
328. Benches, stools—The animal-like carved seats and stools de- 
scribed by Acufia among the Carib, says Schomburgk, we found still 
among them; and not only among them, but also among the Ara- 
wak (SR, 1, 432). The reference to Acuna is very probably the 
following: “ The Caupuna and Zurina tribes on the south side of the 
Amazon, near its junction with the Rio Negro, are the most in- 
genious and curious handicraftsmen that we saw in all the country. 
Without any other tools than such as I have spoken of before, they 
make chairs in the form of beasts, with so much curiosity and so com- 
modious for aman to sit at his ease that I think the invention of 
man can not contrive better ” (AC, 142). Indeed, it has been admit- 
ted that they are often so carefully scooped out and shaped to fit the 
body of the sitter that they are as comfortable as any cushioned 
stool could be (IT, 297). On the other hand, they may be cut flat 
(e. g., among the Siusi, etc.). With the Ojana the upper portion of 
the bench is occasionally flat. These they call apika. Others are 
round and they call them kololo (GO, 3). The two ends of the seat 
may be left plain and square (pl. 66 A), as among the Ojana of 
Cayenne (PBA, 188) at one extreme of the Guianas, and among the 
Uaupes River Indians at the other (ARW, 352). Nevertheless, as 
already mentioned, they are often formed into grotesque figures 
(heads) of tortoises, frogs, armadillos, alligators, and other animals 
. . . bright-colored seeds and occasionally pebbles (even a chip of 
looking-glass) are inserted to represent the eyes (IT, 297). In Suri- 
nam, Kappler speaks of alligator, beetle, and “tiger ” heads being 
represented (AK,144,185). However, as in figure 81 G,R,S and CC, 
while one end of the seat indicates the particular animal’s head, the 
other may either show its tail or the head of some other creature. 
All of these symmetrical benches, whether indicative of animal or 
not, are carved in one piece from a solid block, and have four limbs 
or legs—straight, angular, or curved—which in all the larger 
