roTH] DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS AND REQUISITES 301 
extremity, where it is about 3 inches in diameter, toward the center 
(D); or it may be single-headed, tapering gradually down toward 
the handle end. In either case the head is in no sense abruptly 
defined. 
381. The Taruma, Waiwai, etc., have a more or less temporary 
sort of mortar, principally for pulping up fruit, made of two lengths 
of bark folded one upon the other, with carefully trimmed edges, 
so that when bound above and below with bark strips very little fluid 
will pass through the interstices (fig. 98, E, F). The outer side of 
the bark forms the outside of the mortar. When about to be bent 
over the line is nicked on the bark, the cambium being left intact. 
The base of the article is about 4 inches square. The 
pestle is a piece of wood about a foot longer than the 
mortar (JO). 
382. There is reason to believe that stone pestles and 
mortars employed for both pounding and grinding (pl. 
82, A, B, C) have been used up to very recent times for 
maize and cacao (Cr, 358-359). 
383. Sugar mill—In Brett’s day some of the Indian 
“ places ” had a rude apparatus for extracting the juice 
of the sugar cane, a sort of mill with small rollers being 
used by the more advanced. Another kind of mill 
which Brett saw used by the Carib was very primitive. 
Tt consisted of a thick post, the upper part of which 
was carved into a rude resemblance of a human bust. 
The cane was placed on the part answering to the collar 
bone, and crushed there by a long lever or staff inserted 
in a hole through the neck and worked by hand, the yeeros 
sweet juice flowing down the breast into a vessel placed without the 
to receive it (Br. 31). One of these, up to 1910, was to lever. 
be seen employed on the upper Manawarin, a branch of the Moruca 
River; but the principle, though without its human counterfeit, is 
still adopted in all the present-day mills of the Arawak, Carib, and 
Warrau throughout the Pomeroon district (fig. 94), where fermented 
cane juice is a favorite drink. To better extract the juice, the cane, 
during the pressure exerted by the lever, is twisted in opposite direc- 
tions by the assistants at each extremity (pl. 82 I). Coudreau also 
met with these mills among such distant tribes as the Atorai and 
Wapishana (Cou, n, 307). 
384. Gourds as water vessels (pl. 88, A, C).—Some two and a 
half centuries ago Rochefort described certain objects made by 
the Carib islanders from the calabash (e. g., dishes, spoons, basins, 
plates, cups, drinking vessels), which were polished and painted 
as delicately as possible. They were known collectively as cois 
or coulis, a name which the authority just quoted mentions as 
