380 ARTS AND GRAFTS OF GUIANA INDIANS [PTH ANN, 38 
shape (C) to the “ adam’s apple ” of the howler monkey, the Arawak 
name of the completed article is itore-oyére, i. e., baboon larynx. 
(ii) Again, four much longer, equal lengths of the leaf may be 
plaited together on the flat, by means of their contiguous septa, but 
in such a way that those on the outer side of each pair of midribs 
remain free for the present (pl. 124 A). In the one variety of 
basket (B) the midribs are bent from below up at a spot between 
the third and fourth quarter of their length, the hitherto free septa 
being ultimately plaited together from below up to form a recep- 
tacle very like a knapsack. I have seen considerable weights of raw 
clay carried in these baskets (pl. 125 D, E). 
(iii) In the second variety the two pairs of midribs are bent up 
at both ends (C), and the outer sets of free septa plaited together 
into a common center (/) on each side, to form ultimately, when 
joined, the handle of what is practically a hand basket (D). 
(iv) On the Pomeroon, with a single leaf, the midrib is sharply 
bent into three approximately equal portions into the shape of the 
letter L, the vertical bar of which is formed of the midrib doubled 
on itself (E). The septa of the two constituents of this vertical 
bar constitute the weft, while those on the horizontal bar (the bot- 
tom of the basket) constitute the warp. The free ends of the 
weft, from alternate sides, are plaited into one another and into the 
extremities of the warp to make the handle. 
On the Rupununi I have seen the kokerit leaf applied to similar 
purposes (pl. 126 A). 
457. Even if suitable leaves should fail him the Indian will never- 
theless utilize withes and bark strips wherewith to carry the unex- 
pected load (pl. 126 B,C). He will break and tie the former into 
three oval and two circular hoops to form the framework for the 
back, sides, and ends of his knapsack, tie them together, and fill up 
the interspaces with the bark strips interlaced in all directions. An- 
other broad bark strip tied on either side of the frame will enable 
him to hang it from over his chest. I have observed these make- 
shifts in the Makusi and Patamona country. 
