392 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF GUIANA INDIANS [BTH, ANN. 38 
layer of warp strands is in this manner brought to the front and the 
next weft inserted. The process is thus repeated—an alternation of 
warp layer with every weft 
strand—until the upper cross- 
beam is reached. The latter is 
now loosened and the whole 
warp rolled downward on _ its 
own axis, as with an undivided 
front set of warps (sec. 466), care 
being taken that the permanent 
separator does not slip out of po- 
sition. The final stages are car- 
ried out as before. 
472. Similar apparatus and 
procedure is found among the 
Tukano and Desana (both Betoya 
stock), and also in the Tariana 
and other Arawak stocks, all of 
them on branches of the upper 
Rio Negro. Furthermore, it is 
found in the neighboring areas of 
Venezuela and Colombia. So in 
our own colony among the Wapi- 
shana, Maopityan, Makusi, Ta- 
Fig. 205.—Hammock making. Theraiser,on YUMA, and others, as well as in 
being pulled upon, drags forward thepos- Surinam and Cayenne, where, be- 
the pation ‘the temporary tebarator, tween the upper Maroni and Oya- 
this position the temporary separator, 
beater, or presser, is inserted behind it. pock Rivers, it has been met 
among the Emerillon (GOK, pl. xvi, fig. 10). Tuecum (Astro- 
caryum) thread can also be worked on a loom and woven into thick 
clothlike hammocks on 
principles identical with 
those just reviewed. Un- 
fortunately, while Koch- 
Griinberg’s sketches and 
illustrations (KG, un, 
211-214) are clear in 
showing headpiece, 
raiser, level, permanent 
separator and shuttles J Fic. 206,—Patterns of bar (weft) in Wapishana ham- 
? 2 mocks. 
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can not understand his 
statement that the hammock, upon completion, is released from the 
loom by a transverse cut, because the headpiece is designed for the 
very purpose of obviating this. 
