424 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF GUIANA INDIANS [ETH. ANN. 38 
was mixed with barahisa leaves and haiowa gum. Carib had their 
faces (Br, 119), their bodies, and especially the legs painted with 
bixa (ScG, 226). When they went to battle the women put streaks 
of genipa on them (FE, 45). The females had their naked bodies 
smeared with the red annatto, which gave them the appearance of 
bleeding from every pore, and as if this was not sufficiently orna- 
mental, some of them had endeavored to improve its appearance by 
blue spots upon their bodies and limbs (Br, 121). Akawai painted 
their bodies red with the annatto or deep blue with the lana. Some- 
times they would paint one side red, the other blue. The face was 
painted in streaks, in which performance they seemed to be very par- 
ticular, as the women not infrequently spent hours at the toilet when 
preparing for the dance (BE, 31). On the other hand, such a deco- 
ration would not seem to have been constant, for we have the follow- 
ing description by Brett of some young Akawai revelers met with 
above the Demerara Falls: Young men and women whose bodies and 
limbs were marked all over with black paint in grotesque patterns, 
the mouth of each being favored with an especially large daub. . . 
A young man . . . had produced a marked effect by blackening him- 
self all over save on the nose and cheeks (Br, 333). The so-called 
“black” body paint described by this and other authors must be 
presumably understood as being the genipa. Arekuna women had 
the entire body covered with annatto. The men were similarly 
decorated, including the hair, while the face was painted with 
Bignonia in stripes or spots (SR, u, 209). Boddam-Whetham also 
drew attention to their feet and knees being painted red and 
their faces striped (BW, 245). On the upper Rio Branco the 
women may have their hips decorated with figures (EU, 291). 
Of remaining branches of the Carib stock that require considera- 
tion there are the (Roucouyenne or) Ojana, the Oyampi, the Trio, 
and the Kalina. The Roucouyenne and Oyampi of the Yary River 
Cayenne are represented as streaked with black and red from top to 
toe (Cr, 201). The former never start on a journey without stain- 
ing themselves the evening before, a duty which devolves upon the 
women (Cr, 112). In Surinam the Trio and Ojana paint their 
bodies for dancing entertainments in black with genipa. The face 
is also on ordinary days often painted. The Trio have three colors 
for face painting—tamiremui | ? Bignonia], dark red; wiliko, brown 
red, smelling of the crab oil with which it is mixed; and allakoidde, 
black, but, so far as de Goeje knew, the Trio and Kalifia only use 
bixa for rubbing into the body (GO, 2). The same author supplies 
many illustrations of the various face-painting designs met with 
among Kalina, Trio, and Ojana, but no explanations are obtainable 
as to their signification, if, indeed, there is any (GO, pl. v—vmr). 
