ROTH] DEFORMATION, DECORATION, ORNAMENTS, CLOTHES 429 
festivals and other merry occasions,” the men will don headdresses 
made of parrot and macaw feathers, tastefully arranged on coronets 
of basketwork, which may be held in position by a string passing 
under the chin. These feather crowns or coronets were of at least 
two kinds: In one, the frame was fixed vertically (pls. 134 A, B; 
137 A, B), the feathers, with the aid of a cotton band tied behind, 
standing upright, while in the other (pl. 137 C) the frame (like the 
brim of a European hat) was placed horizontally, the feathers, in- 
serted between its double edges, projecting in the same plane. De 
Goeje figures some extraordinary “compound” vertical hats from 
Surinam (GOK, pl. u, fig. 11; pl. mz, fig. 1). 
519. On examining the ordinary vertical feather-ornamented bas- 
ketry crown of the Wapishana, Makusi, etc., it will be noted that the 
feathers themselves already fixed in rows on cotton twine (fig. 29) 
are woven into a cotton band (pl. 134 C), and propped up by a 
smaller and variously constructed cotton fillet sewn onto them in 
front. As often, perhaps, as not, between the band, with its attached 
feathers, and the crown, is laid an intermediate string of larger white 
feathers (eagle, etc.), forming a sort of wall against which the 
feather band and fillet are kept in position. This feather string is 
shown in situ in plate 134 A,a. Finally, two or three feathers are at- 
tached vertically up to the back of the hat crown. Certain matters 
will therefore have to be noted as regards the basketry crown itself 
(sec. 520), the feather string (sec. 521), the feather band (sec. 522), 
the cotton fillet (sec. 523), the upstanding back feathers (sec. 524), 
and their fixation, one to another (sec. 525), when put to use. 
520. The foundation of the vertical type of crown, like that of the 
horizontal, shows variations in its technique, concerning which much 
further information is desirable. It consists practically of a ring 
band with projecting rim above and below (pl. 137 A), though the 
latter, and invariably smaller, may not necessarily be present; e. g., 
the lazy man will do without it. This band when woven of itiriti 
strands is either of the locked (fig. 41 C) or twilled one-over-and- 
under-three (fig. 38 D) pattern, while the rim is either of a locked 
type (fig. 41 E, F) or of specially constructed loops tied into 
position. 
521. The feather string (pl. 134 A) is constructed after a manner 
and on lines already detailed (sec. 79), with two or three feather 
quills tied in each loop. 
522. The feather band (pl. 134 C) will consist of some 30 or 40 
cotton strings tied very carefully in close apposition, one above the 
other, between two sticks (/) stuck into the ground. Though the dis- 
tance between these sticks is about 16 inches, the length of each string 
is between 3-and 4 feet. The lowest string (a) will already have had 
