Cuarrer XXIT 
MUSICAL AND OTHER SOUND INSTRUMENTS 
Preliminary: Early morning music (554) ; varieties of instruments (555). 
Trumpets, tubes: Clay (556) ; clay resounder with cane tube (557) ; bark (558) ; 
wood, wood and basketry (559). 
Flute types of instrument: Wood, bamboo (560, 561); clay (562). 
Flageolet types of instrument: Wood (563); bone (564); gourd (565). 
Panpipes (566). 
Whistles: Wood (567); clay (568); bone (569). 
Reed instruments (570). 
String instruments: Monochord (571); viol and violin (572). 
Percussion instruments: Rattles (573); hard-shell seed pods (574); beetle- 
wing cases (575); hollow cylinders, dance sticks, ete. (576); drums, skin 
(577-579) ; wood (580); and substitutes (581). 
Friction instruments (582). 
554. In the early morning, says Brown, about 4 a. m., the Indians 
[Makusi] in these mountains [Pakaraima], as well as those on the 
savannas, become wakeful and talk a good deal, some of them sing- 
ing a most tuneless, dirgelike song. At Enamouta (a village on one 
of the branches of the Ireng) they added the noise of a drum to the 
performance, and at daylight they all issued from their houses simul- 
taneously, greeting the morn with cries and loud shouts (BB, 129). 
The Carib Islanders, in the morning as soon as they are awake, used 
commonly to play on the flute (RO, 509). On the upper Rio Branco 
in the Wapishana malokas the first to awake strikes a drum until all 
jump out of their hammocks, and in the meantime he will, with a 
quick step, promenade around the house with his barbarous music 
(Cou, 1, 268). On the Vichada, a branch of the Orinoco, the Guahibo 
came out at sunrise with a panpipe, and made the rounds of the . 
village while playing on this instrument. The purpose in view, how- 
ever, was not clear (Cr, 533-554). With the Otomac on the Orinoco, 
there was an early matutinal wailing for the dead as a matter of 
daily routine (G, 1,167). At the Makusi village of Makrapo, nestling 
in the Pakaraima Mountains, about two days’ march behind Toke 
village, while lying in my hammock in the early morning, I heard a 
shell blowing at a house farther up the mountain side. My host told 
me that it was customary and that, in the old days, he remembered 
how it used to be blown of an evening, but knew of no reason for the 
450 
