452 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF GUIANA INDIANS [BETH. ANN. 38 
rated (pl. 159), from the Moruca River Carib, who speak of them 
as kodi, the present generation remembering their elders using 
them for signaling purposes. It was on this same river that Schom- 
burgk also came across them among the Warrau. He tells us how 
they were manufactured from burnt clay, hollow, and had a pecu- 
liar shape like a figure 8. Both extremities were open, and at one 
end was a sort of mouthpiece (SR, m, 447). This object may have 
been more or less identical with the sounding trumpet of Cayenne 
“made of two pieces, fixed together with bindweed ” (PBA, 181), 
and with the double-funnel shaped clay wind instrument recorded 
by Kappler from Surinam (AK, 186). 
557. Gumilla describes another class of clay instrument among the 
same people (Saliva). This was made of long pieces of cane the 
extremities of which were inserted in a large empty jar (pl. 158 B) 
of special manufacture (G, 1, 192). In an illustration (G, 1, 184), 
but without description, he depicts an Indian blowing into a tube 
held in the mouth of a comparatively large jar (pl. 160 B), an appa- 
ratus practically identical with the present-day roarer (pl. 160 A) of 
the Jaguar dance met with on the upper Rio Negro (KG, 1, 135). 
558. Another trumpet, recorded by Gumilla from among the Ori- 
noco Indians, was made of bark, and would appear to have been also 
brought into requisition at certain funeral ceremonies. He says that 
it had a length of two varas. It must, indeed, have proved cum- 
brous, since the performer had to be assisted by a person in front 
supporting on his two shoulders the projecting sticks attached along 
either side of it. An idea of its size may be gauged when we learn 
that the open end of the instrument could hardly be covered with 
a fair-sized plate. The material of which it was made was a bark 
called majagua, sticky like glue when fresh and admitting of being 
bent like paper. An examination of the original illustration (pl. 
158 B) shows that the bark was wound in a spiral (G, 1, 192-196). 
Similar bark trumpets were in later years met with by Wallace and 
by Spruce (pl. 161 C) among the Uaupes River Indians. One eve- 
ning there was a caxiri drinking ... Presently appeared eight In- 
dians, each playing on a great bassoon-looking instrument. They 
had four pairs of different sizes and produced a wild and pleasing 
sound. They blew them all together, tolerably in concert, to a simple 
tune, and showed more taste for music than I had yet seen displayed 
among these people. The instruments are made of bark spirally 
twisted, and with a mouthpiece of leaves. In the evening I went 
to the Malocca and found two old men playing on the largest of the 
instruments. They waved them about in a singular manner, verti- 
cally and sidewise, accompanied by corresponding contortions of 
the body, and played a long while in a regular tune, accompanying 
each other very correctly. From the moment the music was first 
