458 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF GUIANA INDIANS [BTH, ANN. 38 
through an aperture at one extremity, the latter being then nicked 
and shaped, as required, with beeswax, ete., so as to form a suitable 
mouthpiece. Three or four holes, drilled in its length, limit the 
number of notes obtainable. It was often alleged that these so-called 
“ flutes ” were manufactured from the bones of their human enemies. 
They were sometimes ornamented with gravings, filled black or red, 
and at the present time are often to be seen decorated with plaited 
cotton tassels. Such instruments are met with throughout the 
Guianas. The Waiwai had a great reputation for making them 
(Cou, 1, 379). As with the cane flageolet types, they have a perfo- 
rated wax diaphragm inserted. 
565. There is a pear-shaped gourd, about 3} to 4 inches long, found 
on the Moruca and its tributaries which, from its fancied resemblance 
to a crow’s skull, is called bure-akwa by the local 
Warrau. These people make a flageolet of it (pl. 
165 A), under that name, by cutting off the smaller 
extremity, whence the contents are removed by rotting 
with water and nicking it to make a mouthpiece. 
A small aperture is next made in the center of the 
larger end of the gourd, and another about halfway 
between the latter and the mouthpiece. According 
as these are kept open or closed by the forefingers 
of either hand, so are variations produced in the 
: note. Warrau have told me that it is played by 
men on occasions of festivity, notwithstanding their 
: admission that the sound produced is a sorrowful 
one, reminding them of the days of long ago “ when 
they left their girls behind in Trinidad,” (sic) as 
one old man took particular care to explain. To me 
it looks much hke an okarina of the music shops. 
566. Panpipes (pl. 165 C) have been met with 
from one extremity of the Guianas to the other, 
Fic. 287—Pari- from Cayenne (PBA, 181) to the Orinoco and Rio 
kuta panpipe. _ 2 5 
Negro (KG, 1, 91). In Surinam the instrument was 
known as a quarta (St, 1, 393); in our own colony it is known as 
limiti to the Patamona (Ti, Dec. ’89, p. 300), tilélé to the Wapishana 
(Cou, 11, 312), ete.; on the Amazons the Caishdina and other tribes 
call it mimbeu after the umbrella or fife bird (Cephalopterus 
ornatus), whose notes it is supposed to resemble (HWB, 321, 368). 
The instrument is usually made of from 3 to 10, or perhaps more, 
pieces of arrow grass, reed, etc., of the same diameter cut into differ- 
ent lengths, but the toy specimens which I have observed among the 
Warrau of the Moruca are manufactured of similar lengths, yet of 
varying diameters. The Parikuta may build them of three pieces 
gee evra 
