RorH | SALUTATIONS 621 
trumpets, etc., were made to serve a similar purpose. The assertion 
has been made of men giving notice of their coming by loudly utter- 
ing the cry peculiar to their tribe, for each tribe has a distinct cry 
(IT, 321). What is probably intended, however, is that each gang 
of newcomers raised a shout in the far distance to let its nationality 
be known; e. g., the Arawak shouted “ Lokono!” the Carib “ Ka- 
linya!” (PEN, 1, 168). With the advance of civilization, and the 
introduction of firearms, cutlasses, etc., the nature of the signal has 
become correspondingly modified. Thus Indians give notice to 
their neighbors of a desired gathering, or of the arrival of friends, 
by reports of firearms, strokes of a stick upon an upturned corial, 
or on a suspended cutlass, notes sounded on a prepared cowhorn, 
or on a large chank shell (Da, 56). When hunters return after 
several days’ absence .. . to their settlement or detached home, a 
shot or series of shots is fired, according to the number of huntsmen, 
to signify a safe return. Then another series of shots to invite 
friends, if plenty of game, but otherwise a silence follows (Da, 253). 
804. In the large majority of cases there is a special house built 
for the reception of strangers (sec. 312). This was also true for the 
island Indians (sec. 327). On the Orinoco all the caciques generally 
had near their own house another one open to the four winds and 
covered only with straw or palm for the reception of strangers (G, 1, 
309). The Parikuta build very fine reception houses (JO). 
805. As to whether the actual greeting is initiated by host or 
guest will depend in large measure upon the rank and status, social 
relationship (i. e., friend, family, stranger), or business of the latter. 
Thus in cases of intertribal importance upon the arrival of a person 
of presumably superior qualifications—e. g., a European, a more 
powerful chief, or upon the reception of invited visitors to a feast, 
ete.—the procedure will be opened by the host. If the Indians [in 
Cayenne] go on an embassy hardly will they have arrived at the 
appointed place but the chief will either himself come down to the 
landing stage or send a representative with all the youth to receive 
him (PBA, 186). Gumilla speaks of the visited cacique, on the 
Orinoco, coming to meet him (G, 1, 309). Among the Wapishana, 
Schomburgk says that the men all came forward and greeted us 
(SeG, 245) ; that as he reached our tent the chieftain commenced his 
greeting ceremony (SR, 1, 73). The Taruma chief will also come 
out and give welcome to one (JO). The Parikuta, when they wel- 
come you, come up armed (JO). Our Indians [Wapishana], as 
Brown records, after announcing, on their bone flutes, their approach 
to a village would then enter the principal house and sit down in a 
circle. The chief man of the place would rise from his hammock, 
walk up behind one and tap him on the shoulder, muttering a few 
