622 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF GUIANA INDIANS [ETH, ANN. 38 
words of salutation, which was responded to. He then passed on to 
the next, and solemnly went the round of the circle, holding a slight 
conversation with each, standing up behind the back of the man 
with whom he spoke. That being over, he retired to his hammock 
and another man of the place went the round in the same manner 
(BB, 158). On the Waini an Arawak chief sent word beforehand to 
the Warrau chief that he was coming to pay him a visit. Upon ar- 
rival and without taking notice of anyone he went and picked a hut, 
instructed the villagers to empty it, ordered his hammock to be put 
up (after clearing out everything that was there), and without an- 
other word laid himself in it and received his visitors sitting. His 
men similarly turned the owners out of their homes (SR, 1,149). On 
the Orinoco the missionary, with his companions, proceeds straight 
to the stranger’s house, slings his hammock to the timbers specially 
fixed for the purpose, and rests himself without any Indians putting 
in an appearance, either because they are being painted or because 
they are giving their guests an opportunity for resting themselves 
(G, 1, 309). Schomburgk is responsible for the statement that if 
the new arrival comes to accept an invitation to a feast, etc., the 
visitor is addressed first (SR, 1,361). On the other hand the visitor, 
who alone does the verbal greeting, may be received without being 
addressed at all, as with the Atorai, where the host, preserving 
strict silence, les enveloped in his hammock (Cou, 1, 309). 
On the Orinoco strangers visiting a settlement for the first time 
would upon entering carry their weapons under their arms and ex- 
ecute other ceremonies which they practice in sign of friendship 
(G, 1, 307). In Cayenne Crévaux mentions how on entering an 
Apalii village—a custom he did not find among the Ouayana—they 
brought him a framework of palm leaves to which were attached at 
their centers some big black ants. All the people of the tribe, ir- 
respective of age or sex, presented themselves for him to apply it to 
their bodies, loins, thighs, ete. (Cr, 300). Unfortunately there is but 
little else recorded of the salutation ceremonies so far as they were 
practiced by the visitors. 
806. On the other hand, particulars are forthcoming of the cere- 
monies observed by the hosts. These consisted of special hand ges- 
tures, of verbal expressions of welcome, of painting and anointing 
the visitor, of gifts of hospitality, and, on special occasions, the 
official exchange of credentials. On the mainland there are many 
references to special hand gestures. Thus, among the Makusi, pass- 
ing the open hand here and there over the visitor and then stretching 
out the hand (SR, 1, 416). The men [Wapishana on Rupununi|] all 
came forward and greeted us in a manner similar to the Makusi, 
namely, waving the hand before our face (ScG, 245). So also the 
