ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT 13 
white person has been permitted to enter the ceremonial 
lodge.) This ceremony afforded an opportunity to hear 
certain interesting rituals which are sung only at this time. 
Three manuscripts on Pawnee music have been submitted 
during the year. In addition to the ceremonial material 
above mentioned these papers contain songs of war and of a 
game, as well as miscellaneous songs and those connected 
with folk tales. The Pawnees were selected as representa- 
tive of the Caddoan stock, according to the plan of comparing 
the songs of the various linguistic stocks. 
About the middle of February, 1920, Miss Densmore 
began a study of the Papago Indians as a representative of 
the Piman stock. For more than a month she lived at 
San Xavier Mission, a Government station, among the 
Papago near Tucson, Ariz., and recorded more than 100 
songs, 25 of which have been transcribed, analyzed, and 
submitted. Three subjects were studied—treatment of the 
sick, customs of war, and ancient stories. As examples of 
the psychology revealed by musical investigation it may be 
noted that the Papago state that all sickness has its origin 
in the anger of a mythical “creator,” and that many of the 
songs used in treating the sick are said to have been received 
from spirits of the dead. 
Miss Densmore considers the chief points of the year’s 
investigation to be the evident contrast of songs of different 
linguistic stocks and the increasing evidence that rhythm in 
Indian song is more varied and important than melody. 
It is interesting to note that the songs recorded by an indi- 
vidual Indian doctor showed similarity in melodic material 
and formation, but a wide variety in rhythm. ‘The poetry 
of the words of Papago songs is of an unusually high order. 
In April, 1920, Miss Densmore visited the “Mohave”’ 
Apaches living at Camp MacDowell, near Phoenix, Ariz., 
with a view to recording songs among them next season, 
taking the Apache as the representatives of the Athapascan 
stock. 
In July, 1919, Miss Densmore visited the Manitou Rapids 
Reserve in Canada to obtain data on the customs of the 
Canadian Chippewas for comparison with the tribe in the 
