ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT 67 
unite to form the Osage River. There is evidence showing 
occupancy of this bluff by Indians long before the coming 
of the white man and probably before the coming of the 
Osages. , 
During the month of October, 1921, Mr. David I. Bush- 
nell, jr., visited Scott Field, east of Belleville, Ill., for the 
purpose of getting airplane pictures of the Cahokia mounds. 
The commanding officer of the field, Maj. Frank M. Ken- 
nedy, appreciating the interest and importance of the work, 
detailed Lieuts. Harold R. Wells and Ashley C. McKinley, 
of the Air Service, to make the pictures. They succeeded 
in making some very interesting photographs of mounds in 
the vicinity of Cahokia, as well as of the great mound itself, 
but unfortunately the photographic apparatus at that time 
available at Scott Field was not suitable, and although the 
pictures obtained were not very clear, no better results 
could have been secured with the cameras which they 
were obliged to use. Four of the pictures made by Lieuten- 
ants Wells and McKinley were reproduced as Figures 101, 
102, 103, and 104 in Explorations and Field Work of the 
Smithsonian Institution in 1921 and should prove of special 
interest as the first photographs of American earthworks 
made from the air. 
The article in which the four airplane pictures were used 
was prepared for the purpose of showing the great impor- 
tance of the Cahokia group and of the other related groups 
to the north, west, and south of Cahokia. The southern 
group, although many of the units have been destroyed, is 
of special interest. It is situated near the left bank of the 
Mississippi, opposite Jefferson Barracks. Bits of pottery, 
chips of flint, and other traces of a settlement, together with 
stone-lined graves in the vicinity of the mounds, may indi- 
cate the position of a village of one of the Illinois tribes two 
centuries or more ago. 
Mr. B. S. Guha’s visit among the Utes and the Navaho at 
Towoac and Shiprock, respectively, during the summer of 
1921 was undertaken primarily with the object of finding 
any legends or myths about the ancient Cliff Dwellers of 
