BAS] IMBRICATION 139 
insertion of additional warp strands, not, however, in regular order. 
At the rim their loose ends were sewed into a strip of buckskin for 
a finish. 
Wallets were also manufactured in this kind of weaving and were 
decorated with designs in false embroidery or by weaving colored 
grasses or bark twine into the fabric. The bags are somewhat 
coarser than those made by the Klickitat, from whom it is probable 
that the Thompson learned to make them. 
The well-known grass caps of the Nez Percé type which were 
worn by the women were once in vogue among the Nisqualli and 
allied tribes as far north as the Snoqualmi, the Upper Chehalis, 
Cowlitz, Wishram, Wasco, Upper Chinook, Wanukt, Taitnapam, 
Klickitat, Yakima, Umatilla, Wallawalla, Cayuse, Palouse, Nez 
Percé, Columbia, Thompson (according to information obtained 
from the Okanagon), Okanagon, Sanpoil, Spokane, Colville, Coeur 
d’Aléne, Kalispel, Lake, Pend d’Oreille, Flathead, and probably 
among some bands of the Shoshoni and tribes farther south in what 
is now Oregon—the Klamath, for instance. Not all of these tribes 
manufactured them, however. The chief producers were all the 
Sahaptin tribes, the Wasco, Wishram, Cayuse, Columbia, Sanpoil, 
Spokane, and the Coeur d’Aléne. It is doubtful if the Colville made 
any, and the Cowlitz made them only rarely. Information is lacking 
for tribes who lived to the south of the Sahaptin, and from the dis- 
tribution as indicated it would appear that the Sahaptin were the 
introducers. 
Caps of other species of grass than that used in the regions just 
discussed, and woven in a different way, were manufactured by 
tribes who were situated farthest from the Sahaptin center, but no 
further information about these has been gathered. 
IMBRICATION 
British Columbia.—Beading and imbrication were both employed 
as a means of decorating the basket surface by all the British Colum- 
bia tribes which made coiled baskets, but, on the whole, less by the 
people living to the east. The home of imbrication seems to have 
been somewhere in the Cascade region, from where it was carried 
long distances north, south, and east, but not far to the west. 
Sahaptin tribes—When the Yakima and Klickitat learned to 
manufacture coiled ware they also learned to imbricate it. The 
principal materials employed in imbrication appear to have been 
cedar bark dyed red with alder, yellow with Oregon grape root, and 
black by burying in mud; grass, in its natural white color or dyed in 
the same way as cedar bark, and the black bark of a sedge growing 
along the streams were also used. 
