Boas] MATERIALS 145 
interested in basketry. They live farthest west, nearest the Uta’mat, 
among whom all the women are basket makers. Considering the 
tribe as a whole, probably more than two-thirds of all the women 
weave baskets. 
MATERIALS 
The cedar tree furnishes the greater part of the material used in 
the manufacture of baskets. Its roots are especially sought for 
this purpose, while the trunk and twigs are seldom employed. Only 
when cedar can not be obtained is recourse had to other materials 
as substitutes. Hill-Tout ° says that the people realize that cedar 
resists wet and rot longer than any other fiber in that region and is 
consequently preferred. Many baskets show surprisingly little wear, 
even after nearly half a century of constant use. 
For ornamentation finer and more flexible vegetable products, 
such as grasses and thin barks, are required. The following is a list 
of the substances used by these tribes in basketry work: 
OSE CUCTT TET TT ROT N | NT eee ee a Es i re ee ees kwa’tkwelp 
SFI PTI a) Te ET USED) Sea ee ee pu’netp 
Spruce (probably Picea engelmanni Eng.) --_------------------------ tsxazé/Ip 
Reed (Phragmites phragmites) ___-_-------------- tloxké’é tluxka, or nhoitlexin 
Wheat or rye or alkali grass (Elymus triticoides Nutt.) -_____--___- PpEsEmilten 
Bird cherry (Prunus emarginata mollis Walpers) 7____-.----------- spazusé/tp 
Chokecherry (Prunus demissa Walpers) _-------------------------- zolkié’Ip 
een UDasiun Da DUrt ends WATS). — noe eo ee kwo.ti’netp 
Cat-tail flag (Typha latifolia L.) or rushes: 
DTU Wile seen ae oe eee .tikai’-.tx (“wide leaf’’) 
Moiheplantsses 97. SAUL: SIGS et Sa ee nkoEtei.tx kot’t 
Tule (probably Scirpus lacustris L.): 
LU) 1 eo ee fae Se wee tlmné’ It 
VO) PAR ET ee ee ae eee ee eee ee ae tsElii’t 
LBSTS TSA TEST AG TOIT CSM S228) PR Re, ae, PRI et ay tlesa’Ip 
PCT MTEU PAL Ue TUTE) soe ee eee ne eee ee ee kwié’Ip 
Oregon grape (Berberts, two species): -..2._-----_2--2220 22s 2uL- tsalzaé/Ip 
Wolf moss (Evernia vulpina L.)----------- kolomé’.ka (“light yellow branch”’’) 
Western flowering dogwood (Cornus canadensis L.).... kwei'txelp or kwoi’txelp 
Indian hemp (Apocynum cannabium L.)--------------------+------- spa’tsen 
For the body of the baskets, when the long pliable roots of the 
cedar tree are not procurable, those of the spruce or juniper furnish 
the foundation and sewing material for the coils. For the bottoms, 
where frequently slats of wood take the place of coils, the sapwood, 
the heart of the cedar, or any wood which splits easily and smoothly, 
is utilized. Among the Upper Thompson, pine and poplar, and even 
parts of packing boxes, or cedar shingles sometimes serve instead of 
® Charles Hill-Tout. The Native Races of the British Empire, North America, pp. 110-118. 
7 Used only if Prunus emarginata can not be had. 
