12 BUREAU OF AMUIUCAN ETHNOLOGY 



coinnuniity ruin and also the cavate dwellings are under- 

 ground kivas, or ceremonial chambers. In front of the 

 cavate lodges wei'e originally structures of masonry built 

 against the cliff and forming front rooms, but practically 

 the only remains of these are the foundation walls and the 

 rafter holes in the cliff face. The debris covering these 

 structures has been largely cleared away and the founda- 

 tions exposed, and the walls of about two-thirds of the great 

 pueblo structure in the valley have been bared by excava- 

 tion. At the western extremity of the canyon, far up in 

 the northern wall, is a natural cavern, known as Ceremo- 

 nial Cave, in which are a large kiva, remarkably well pre- 

 served, and other interesting remains of aboriginal occu- 

 pancy. This great archeological site in the Rito de los 

 Frijoles is important to the elucidation of the pi'oblem of 

 the early distribution of the Pueblos of the Rio Grande 

 Valley, and there is reason to believe that when the re- 

 searches are completed much light will be shed tl>ereon. 

 There is a paucity of artifacts in the habitations uncovered, 

 aside from stone implements, of which large numbers have 

 been found. 



At the close of the work in the Rito de los Frijoles the 

 joint expedition jn-oeeeded to the valley of the Jemez 

 River, near the Hot Springs, where a week was spent in 

 excavating the cemetery of the old Jemez village of 

 Giusiwa. About 30 burials were disinterred here, and a 

 few accompaniments of pottery vessels and other artifacts 

 were recovered ; but in the main the deposits had been com- 

 pletely destroyed by aboriginal disturbance, caused in part 

 by covering the burials with heavy stones and partly by 

 displacing the skeletons previously buried when subse- 

 quent interments were made. Giusiwa was inhabited in 

 prehistoric times and also well within the historical period, 

 as is attested by its massive, rootlc^ss church, built about 

 the beginning of the seventeenth century. Nevertheless, 

 no indication of Spanish influence was found in the ancient 

 cemetery, and it is assumed that burial therein ceased with 

 the coming of the missionaries and the establishment of 



