Brodiceas. 121 



question are said to have been the Molalla, Clackamas and Klam- 

 ath Indians. 



What may seem stranger still, the fine material from which 

 these arrows were made does not exist at or near the site of this 

 village. Excepting petrified and agatized wood, the stones to 

 make these arrow points were brought a considerable distance, 

 and obsidian is not found nearer than 325 miles distant. Few 

 large points worthy the name of spear are found here. The ma- 

 jority of arrow heads found are of the little, delicate points. The 

 most prolific successes of the arrow seekers have been in the 

 spring when the freshets have washed the sand loose upon the 

 overflowed banks of the Willamette and upon recedence left in 

 sight many new prizes to gladden the eye of the relic hunter. 



L. W. StilwelL 



BRODL^AS. 



(From Garden and Fortst, III, 636.) 



The range of this genus is almost as wide as that of Calochor- 

 tus. California has most of the species; Oregon, Nevada and 

 Utah have some representatives; northern California is the home 

 of the greater number. A few of the Brodiaeas are sometimes 

 found in sandy soil. B. terrestris always is, B. ixioides occasion- 

 ally and B. laxa in depauperate specimens. I have also received 

 bulbs of some Brodiaeas imknown to me from the Sage-brush 

 sand of Nevada and Utah. B. capitata and Brevortia coccinea 

 luxuriate in the debris of loose rock and mould on the hill-sides, 

 and the remaining species are natives of clay soils from light to 

 heavy; B. stellaris, B. congesta, B. multiflora in lighter, and B. 

 grandiflora, B. minor, B. laxa. B. ixioides and B. lactea on rich 

 clay or wash soils. B. peduncularis is found in the sand and 

 mould in the beds and along the sides of living streams. All Bro- 

 diaeas are lovers of water, while the last named species grows in 

 situations where water is standing or dropping continually during 

 the winter. The finest growth of B. grandiflora or B. ixioides I 

 have ever seen was where winter streams broke over ledges of 

 large loose rocks. The bulbs were in the rich mould in the inter- 

 stices and catches, and subject to a drip of water until the bloom- 

 ing season, and after that became dry. On the sunny sides of 

 the deep precipitous canons, where the loose soil rock and leaves 

 have slid down to the bottom of the slope, often growing on low 

 underbrush, which its flower-stalks overtop, B. coccinea, the Vege- 

 table Fire Cracker, grows most luxuriantly. In such situations 

 stalks five leet high, and bearing from fifteen to thirty blossoms, 

 are not unusual. B. capitata delights in similar soil, but in a 

 sunny exposure. Stropholirion caHfornicum, or B. volubilis, a 

 singular species in which the flower-stalks twine around any sup- 

 porting object, delights in a soil like that suited to B. capitata in 

 underbrush. 



So much for natural conditions. I have perfect success with 



