SWANTON] SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 197 
or Red Fox clan myself and all that is known about it is given 
below.*® The others are mentioned by at least two authorities and 
must have had an actual existence. The Spanish, Raccoon, and 
Skunk clans are mentioned by all three and are known to living In- 
dians.*? If, as appears certain, “ Min-ne” in Schoolcraft is a mis- 
print for Nun-ne the Fish clan also appears in all lists. The Panther 
and Wildeat are also known to living Indians, but they seem to have 
been classed together or sometimes confounded, and this will explain 
the fact that Schoolcraft mentions only the Panther, while Copeland 
gives the Panther as the name of a “phratry” and Wildcat as the 
name of a clan under that phratry. The Bird and Deer appear in the 
lists of Gibbs and Copeland and are well known to living Indians: 
but are wanting from the statement in Schoolcraft. Finally, the 
Minko or Chief clan occupies a distinct place in Schoolcraft and 
Copeland but by Gibbs appears to be combined with the Spanish clan. 
My own inquiries elicited no information whatever regarding the 
former existence of such a clan, and it may have been merged into 
the Spanish clan in later times just as the Panther seems to have dis- 
appeared in the Wildcat. Doctor Speck, or his informant, con- 
founded local groups and clans, so that only one of the latter is men- 
tioned, the Hataqanani‘, from hatak, man, and nani, fish. The “ In- 
ktini” just below, although called by the name of their totem animal, 
are properly a house group. 
The gradation in rank which Speck attributes to the house groups 
applied also to the clans as appears from Schoolcraft and Gibbs. 
The following comparison of the lists furnished by them shows that 
such a gradation actually existed and that the relative order of some 
clans was maintained over a considerable period, though with others 
changes seem to have taken place. 
| Schooleraft Gibbs 
1 Chief (Minko) 2 == = === Spanish. 
2 IRS CCOOns eee ek eee Raccoon. 
3 Panthers Sse0s _ td alias apei eee Panther. 
4 Spamishte! =. 9-7-2. 4-epooe 5 Wildcat. 
5 Fish (given as Min-ne)___~_--- Fish. 
6 Satins ae est aaa Deer. 
if) {\|Sa8. 2k os ee ree Haloba. 
Sue een eres FE eae Ps Ser Bird. 
he Cts See R eC Be es ie aS ee Skunk. 
In both lists the Raccoon is second, the Panther third, the Fish 
fifth, and the Skunk last. Since the Panther and Wildcat were con- 
% Pp. 201-202. 
40 The first, “‘ Sphfni,” is mentioned by Adair. (Op. cit.) 
