302 USES OF PLANTS BY THE CHIPPEWA INDIANS [ETH. ANN, 44 
Plantago major L. Large plantain. PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantain family. 
The roots and leaves are alterative, diuretic, and antiseptic. 
Populus balsamifera L. Balsam poplar. Saricackar. Willow family. 
The leaf buds are resinous, aromatic, and expectorant. 
Populus tremuloides Michx. American aspen. SALicacear. Willow family. 
The bark is tonic and febrifuge. 
Potentilla palustris (.) Scop. Marsh five-finger. Rosacrear, Rose family. 
The roots are bitter and astringent, but do not appear to have been used in 
medicine. 
Prunus serotina Bhrh. Wild black cherry. Rosaceae. Rose family. 
The dried bark is tonic, sedative, pectoral, and astringent. U.S. P. IX. 
Prunus virginiana L. Chokecherry. Rosacear. Rose family. 
The fruit is very astringent. 
Psoralea argophylla Pursh. LEGUMINOSAE. Pea family. 
The root and leaves of several species of Psoralea appear to possess the 
properties of a mild, stimulating, bitter tonic. 
Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton. Pasque flower. RANUNCULACEAE. 
Crowfoot family. 
The plant has been recommended as an alterative, sedative, and antispas- 
modic. N. F. 4. 
Quercus rubra L. Red oak. FAGACRAE. Beech family. 
Oak bark is slightly tonic, powerfully astringent and antiseptic. 
Rhus glabra L. Smooth sumac. ANACARDIACEAH. Cashew family. 
The dried ripe fruits are astringent and refrigerant. N. F. 4. 
Rubus strigosus Michx. Wild red raspberry. Rosacean. Rose family. 
The juice of the ripe fruits is used for flavoring. N. F. 4. 
Rudbeckia laciniata L. Composrrar. Composite family. 
The herb is said to be diuretic, tonic, and balsamic. 
Rumex crispus L. Yellow dock. PotyGonacear. Buckwheat family. 
The root is astringent, slightly tonic and has been supposed to have alterative 
properties. N. F. 4. 
Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot. PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy family. 
The rhizome and roots are irritant and narcotic, expectorant in small doses, 
but in large doses nauseant and emetic. U.S. P. IX. 
Sanicula canadensis L. Black snakeroot. UMBELLIFERAE. Parsley family. 
The root is said to be astringent, antispasmodic, and antiperiodic. 
Silphium perfoliatum L. Cup-plant. Composrrar. Composite family. 
The plant is tonic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. 
Solidago rigida L. Goldenrod. Compostrar. Composite family. 
The herb is astringent and styptie. 
Solidago rigidiuscula Porter. Goldenrod. Composirar. Composite family. 
Supposed to have properties similar to the preceding species. 
Stachys palustris L. Woundwort. Lasrarar. Mint family. 
The herb is said to be expectorant and vulnerary. 
Stellaria media (.) Cyrill. Common chickweed. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. Pink 
family. 
The leaves appear to be a cooling demulcent. 
