DENSMORE] PLANTS AS FOOD 321 
Tilia americana L. Basswood. 
The sap next the bark was used similarly to the woodbine sirup. 
A Canadian Chippewa said that he peeled the outside bark from 
the poplar and also the white birch, and scraped the inner bark, 
obtaining a little sap which they put in a small makuk. He said 
that it had a sweetish taste and “ would keep quite a while.” 
Frurrs AND Brrrims 
Crataegus (species doubtful). Thornapple. 
These were prepared by squeezing them in the hands, after which 
they were made into little cakes without cooking, dried on birch- 
bark and stored to be cooked in winter. 
Prunus virginiana L. Chokecherry. 
These were pounded, stones and all, between two stones, and dried 
similarly to the thornapples. 
Vitis cordifolia Michx. Grape. 
Eaten raw. 
Cornus canadensis L. Bunchberry. 
Berries eaten raw. 
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Strawberry. 
Berries eaten raw. 
All the following berries were eaten raw as well as dried for 
winter use. 
Prunus serctina Ehrh, Wild cherry. 
Ribes triste Pall. Red currant. 
Ribes species. Wild currant. 
Prunus americana Marsh. Chokecherry. 
Rubus frondosus Bigel (?). Blackberry. 
Rubus strigosus Michx. Red raspberry. 
The berries were cooked without sugar, spread on birch bark in 
little cakes and dried, the cakes then stored in a birch-bark makuk 
for winter use. 
Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medic. Shadbush. 
These are called “ Juneberries” by the Chippewa and are found 
abundantly in their country. They are considered the simplest form 
of refreshment. “Take some Juneberries with you,” is a common 
saying among the Chippewa. A certain song contains the words 
“ Juneberries I would take to eat on my journey if I were a 
son-in-law.” 4 
Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pers. Cranberry. Cooked, probably with sugar. 
Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Blueberry. 
‘Bull. 53, Bur. Amer. Ethn., song No. 169. 
