372 USES OF PLANTS BY THE CHIPPEWA INDIANS [©ru. ANN. 44 
light red. The piece of blanket was exposed to the weather for 
several weeks and showed slight change of color. 
Cornus stolonifera, Michx. Red-osier dogwood. 
Alnus ineana (.) Moench. Alder. 
Hot water. 
The bark of these trees was used in equal parts. 
BLACK DYE 
The black rushes in the mat illustrated in Plate 48, a, were colored 
with the first of these formulae. It was necessary to dip rushes every 
day for about two weeks, boiling them a short time and then hang- 
ing them up to dry. These rushes are a clear, heavy black. When 
the process was completed and the black rushes were dry they were 
rubbed thoroughly with a little lard “to make them shiny and 
limber.” 
First FoRMULA 
Juglans cinerea, L. Butternut. 
Corylus americana Walt. Hazel, green. 
These two were boiled together. 
SECOND FORMULA 
Quercus macrocarpa Muhl. Bur oak. 
Juglans cinerea LL. Butternut. Inner bark and a little of the root. 
Black earth. 
Ochre, 
Hot water. 
Directions —Boil the barks and root; after a while put in the 
black earth and later add the ochre. The more it is “boiled down” 
the blacker will be the dye. It can be kept in a kettle and heated 
when used. 
Tuirp FoRMULA 
Alnus ineana (L.) Moench. Alder. 
Cornus stolonifera Michx. Red-osier dogwood. 
Quercus species. Oak. 
Hither grindstone dust or black earth. 
Hot water. 
FourtH FoRMULA 
Quercus macrocarpa Muhl. Bur oak. 
Corylus americana Walt. Hazel. Green-burs. 
Juglans cinerea L. Butternut. 
Black earth. 
Hot water. 
Directions —Put the inner bark of the oak and the green hazel 
burs in hot water and boil; add other ingredients later. Let it 
stand a long time before using. 
