418 ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS—II [BTH. ANN. 44 
To the east and also to the west of this grave were traces of earlier 
burials; in each case a folded or bundled body had been placed on 
top of the mound when it was somewhat higher than the bottom of 
the grave just described—that is, before the latter had been dug— 
and covered with earth as the building proceeded. Both these burials 
were of young persons, as shown by the teeth; and there were traces 
of wood and bark above and below them. 
But these Mound Builders were not content with one intrusive 
burial. To the northwest of the first grave, with the margins almost 
in contact, and almost on the same level, was another dug in a basin 
or kettle shape, with a diameter of 5 feet at the top and a depth of 
3 feet. The sides and bottom were lined with white ashes in which 
some charcoal was mingled, a feature which was observed at many 
other places in the mound where the presence of such material 
seemed accidental rather than intentional. In this grave it was 
carefully spread as a thin layer over the entire interior surface, with 
a streak of decayed bone resting directly on it at the bottom. The 
few pieces of enamel remaining denoted maturity. The grave was 
filled with the same bluish-black sticky mud found in the first grave ; 
so it is probable that they were both dug at about the same period, 
and the upper portion of the mound piled over them by the same 
people or tribe to whom the mound owed its beginning. 
It is stated above that early in the work it was observed that the 
mound seems to have had two periods of construction, as denoted by 
the arrangement of the materials composing it. (Pl. 68, 6.) The 
most of this, omitting the silt and the brown earth, was a very hard, 
tough, mottled, streaked clay, known in some localities as “ buck- 
shot ” on account of the large proportion in it of small particles of 
what is usually called “ gravel,” but which seems due to segregation 
of some mineral ingredient originally diffused through the mass. 
The first grave was dug at the summit of this “ buckshot ” mound; 
the other, also, was practically at its top, as proven by the slope of 
deposited material in all directions from the graves. Then the 
mound was added to on all sides, but mostly on the east, until it had 
an additional height of 5 feet. This eastward extension brought the 
summit of the completed mound fully 5 feet to the east of the top 
of the first structure. The amount of labor required for this exten- 
sion is evidence that it was not due to an interment by later Indians 
who so often buried their dead in the top of a mound in the con- 
struction of which they had no part. ‘These merely dug a grave of 
the desired size and filled it, usually, with the earth which came out 
of it. Nor is there evidence that this region was occupied, at different 
times, by two or more unrelated tribes of Mound Builders, More- 
