454 *ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS—II [BTH. ANN. 44 
In that portion of the trench which bordered the southeast quarter 
of the mound were nine skeletons. Most of them were folded,! 
though some may have been bundled. In nearly every case many of 
the bones had entirely disappeared and those remaining were soft, 
crushed, mostly resembling ashes, or having the consistency and 
appearance of coarse, unbolted corn meal. <All ages were represented, 
from infancy to advanced maturity, as denoted by the condition of 
the teeth, some being only slightly worn, others very much so. 
Various stages of dental decay were observed, ranging from slight 
discoloration to almost complete destruction of the teeth, even the 
bony structure being sometimes involved. 
With one skeleton was a single flat-cylindrical shell bead an inch 
long, drilled lengthwise. With another were three similar beads. 
Under the skull of a third, which was extended and lay nearly east 
and west, was a spade 5 by 1114 inches, placed at right angles to the 
direction of the body. Below this skeleton was another, folded, 
head nearly east, in a shallow grave; on its right arm was a spade 
also 5 by 1114 inches. On the east side of the mound was a large 
skeleton, folded, head east, packed in hard unburned clay. Near it 
was another, which had with it a hatchet of a dioritic rock com- 
monly called “ greenstone,” 1314 inches long. (Pl. 80, g.) It had 
been purposely broken in two pieces and laid by the body, the edge 
by the point, as 1f carefully placed. Near this broken hatchet was 
a smaller perfect one at the back of the skull of an adult skeleton, 
covered with burned clay, which was extended, on the back, head 
north. A large limestone rock lay over the head. 
On the east side, a few inches under the surface of the mound, loose 
in the earth as if dropped or carelessly thrown in, was a spade which 
was struck with the pick and badly broken. Three feet north of this, 
at a slightly lower level, was another, under similar conditions; it 
also was “found” by being struck with the pick. 
1 As applied to skeletal remains, “ folded” means that the body, soon after death, was 
drawn up into a small compass, the knees at the chin, feet against the hips, hands 
usually at the breast or shoulders. ‘‘ Bundled’’ means that the bones, denuded of flesh, 
were placed in their proper positions in the grave, or at least an attempt was made so 
to place them. Frequently the builders, in their ignorance of anatomy in its details, 
misplaced one or more bones. Sometimes this furnishes the only clue as to whether a 
skeleton is ‘ folded”’ or “bundled.” The bared bones may have been brought from a 
“house of the dead,” which is a structure or place having a purpose similar to that of a 
receiving vault in a modern cemetery; or they may have been previously interred and 
removed; or ‘‘bone pickers” may have stripped the flesh from the bones soon after 
death. ‘“ Bunched” means that the disarticulated bones had been earried from some 
other place, thrown out of the basket or other carrier, and allowed to remain as they 
fell, except that the skull was sometimes placed on top of the pile. 
In giving the position of objects found, “ bottom,” “ bottom of the mound,” “ general 
level,” “natural level,’ “soil,” ‘top soil,’ ‘‘top of ground,” “ natural surface,” “‘ sur- 
rounding level,’ ‘ surrounding surface,” ‘ original level,’ “ original surface,” are terms 
used to avoid continued repetition of the phrase ‘“ original or natural level of the earth on 
which the mound was erected.” ‘In’ means the horizontal distance from the encircling 
line at which the excavation was commenced. ‘“ Up” means the vertical distance from 
the bottom. 
