474 ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS—II [PTH. ANN. 44 
The skull lay around in the tunnel for several months, and then 
by some mischance was broken into many pieces. About this time 
Mr. M. C. Long, of Kansas City, heard of the discovery and hastened 
to the scene. He recovered most of the fragments, which were pieced 
together, and the restored skull is now in the National Museum. 
This was the sum of knowledge on the subject when the later 
investigation was begun. 
At the time the bones were discovered the Concannons had carried 
the tunnel about as far as they had intended. No further digging 
was done at the time than was required to straighten and smooth the 
walls. The position of the skeleton was thus about a foot from the 
angle or corner formed by the east wall and the south wall, or end, 
of the tunnel. 
In order to examine the formation more carefully, with a view to 
determining its geological character, and to procure sections along 
the various lines for the purpose of comparing different portions of 
the deposit, additional chambers 
and trenches were excavated, as 
indicated by the letters A to # in 
Figure 9. 
So much of the earth and rock 
as was examined shows this 
arrangement: 
First. A stratum of solid lime- 
stone of unknown thickness. 
Second. About 1 foot of lami- 
nated or thinly stratified shale. 
Vig. 9.—Diagram of excavations, Lansing, Third. A stratum of limestone 
oe averaging 4 inches in thickness. 
The upper surface of this was somewhat uneven, varying within 
a space of a few feet from 2 to 3 inches above or below a uniform 
plane. 
Fourth. Laminated or thinly stratified shale, the contour of its 
supface being quite irregular, apparently from subaerial erosion 
which had taken place before it was covered by the next deposit. 
Fifth. Blue clay or disintegrated shale filled with fragments of 
limestone ranging in size from small pebbles to angular and sub- 
angular blocks and slabs weighing several hundred pounds. 
Sixth. Loess, to the present surface. 
All work, both in the tunnel and in the subsequent excavations, 
was carried along on top of the thin stratum of limestone marked 
third in the above list. 
The blue clay with included limestone fragments (fifth in the 
section) was thickest near the point at which the skeleton was 
found and sloped away in every direction in which it was exposed 
during this work. This slope, or dip, was rudely stratified, the 
