500 ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS—II [WTH, ANN. 44 
Mowunp 7.—This is near the one last described. It is now 10 feet 
high and 100 feet across the base. It was formerly nearly twice as 
high, but has been scraped down so that it might be plowed over. 
A trench from 6 to 10 feet wide was carried in from the southeast 
side to 4 feet beyond the center. In this limited space were nine 
holes each 8 inches across and extending downward from 22 to 36 
inches. In all of these was fine earth, with some ashes, and a few 
of them contained some fragments of bone, pottery, and shells. These 
contents rendered it improbable that they were postholes, though no 
other purpose for them can be imagined. The first one was 19 feet 
from the center; at the same place began a streak of mingled ashes, 
burned earth, and charcoal, nowhere more than an inch thick. They 
had not been burned here, but were scattered, no doubt, from a fire 
bed around the center, where the earth was burned to a bright red to 
a depth of 4 inches; as the ashes accumulated they had been raked 
away to every side, forming a bed 13 feet long and up to 4 feet wide. 
Above them, generally with a few inches of earth intervening, was 
a very thin layer of bark or wood. Above this, around the center, 
was a mass a foot thick in places of decayed wood, apparently logs 
or large poles. Cottonwood and white walnut were recognized among 
them. Only one skeleton was found in the mound; it was that of a 
young adult over 6 feet high. The weight of the earth resting on 
it had crushed all the bones, only the central portions of the limbs 
retaining their shape. It lay on the original surface and was cov- 
ered with three or four layers of bark. Nothing had been buried 
with it. At the time of his death he had only 22 teeth remain- 
ing, and of these 13 were more or less touched with decay. It is 
a matter of common belief that all Indians were, and are, blessed 
with full sets of sound, solid teeth. So far as the Mound Builders 
are concerned, this is not true of 1 per cent of all that have ever 
been exhumed. 
Mounp 8.—On the Clough farm, north of Waverly, are three 
mounds, two of which were opened. The first, after long cultivation, 
was 4 feet high and 75 feet across. A trench 7 feet wide was run 
in from the southwest side and carried past the center. A number 
of holes were found, reaching to various depths; some of them had 
been dug, others resulted from the decay of stumps which were here 
when the mound was begun, or shortly before that time. At 10 feet 
a layer of charcoal was reached; it contained numerous fragments 
of small sticks, a few pieces of pottery, and two valves of mussel 
shells. The charcoal arched upward slightly so that at 4 feet it was 
a foot above the natural level; the interval filled with dark soil 
or loam burned hard on top, no doubt from the fire that produced the 
charcoal. Near the south edge of it, on the natural surface, was a 
thin deposit a foot wide and 2 feet long, burned until cemented 
