518 ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS—II [BTH. ANN. 44 
worn away to an extent that makes access to the stone feasible. Some 
of these pits contain water all the year, even through the driest 
season. No excavations can be traced on the northern slope, which 
is abrupt and broken; but over an area of fully 2 acres along the 
southern slope, mostly below the level of the limestone, the entire 
space has been dug to a varying depth in quest of nodules imbedded 
in the residual clay. The débris is piled irregularly, so that the pits 
and little intervening ridges give the impression at first that the exca- 
vations were disconnected instead of continuous. Thousands of cubic 
yards of earth and rock were removed here. On beyond these pits 
the ground rises to a thickness so great as to exceed the ability of 
aborigines to get through it; and it so continues for more than half 
a mile. Then, due to the presence of two ravines, nearly parallel 
and not far apart, a short spur is formed, from which the earth has 
been eroded until a practically level area of 3 or 4 acres results, on 
which only sufficient clay soil remained to protect the flint from 
weathering. All this spur has been completely dug over and the 
flint taken out. The excavating did not extend to the south side of 
the spur for some reason; but on the north side for a short distance 
along the outcrop and below it they are continuous; then, with short, 
unequal spaces intervening, pits extend along the north outcrop for 
a fourth of a mile. j 
Over an area of at least 10 acres on this farm, around and between 
the various excavations, the surface of the ground is covered with 
workshop débris. It varies in thickness from point to point, as if 
there had been certain centers of manufacture at each of which much 
refuse had piled up around the artisan; it would diminish gradually 
in all directions, then again increase toward another center. The 
waste material has been dragged and scattered by cultivation, but 
in a number of places it is still so deep that the bottom has never 
been reached by the plow. On every square foot of the space occu- 
pied by this old factory worked pieces may be found. Among them 
are many hammer stones of granite, foreign flint, diorite and sim- 
ilar hard rocks of glacial origin; one of these was a bowlder of 
light-green, unusually hard and tough diorite, weighing about 12 
pounds; it was worn round and smooth by action of ice and water, 
and at two places on its surface it was much battered from break- 
ing up large nodules, a condition which predicated extensive usage. 
All such hammers had been carried from the shores or banks of the 
Ohio River where they were deposited by glacial floods; so it is 
probable that much, or most, of the quarrying and flaking in this 
vicinity was due to the industry of Indians living along that stream. 
The flint is extremely diversified in color, red of various shades, 
white, gray, yellow, brown, and almost orange, of uniform shading, 
