FOWKE] ABORIGINAL FLINT QUARRIES 525 
employed as digging tools. The nodules, when spherical, are oc- 
casionally found as large as 6 inches in diameter; above that size 
most of them are ellipsoidal, though some are spheroidal; some of 
the former measure more than 12 inches in their greatest diameter. 
The quarries are on a gentle slope and are carried from the lower 
edge of the outcrop to a distance of 3 to 5 rods up the hill, the width 
varying according to the inclination of the ground. A yellowish- 
white chalky coat covers each one, the thickness of this varying 
from one-fourth of an inch to 3 inches, thus, in some instances, 
taking up nearly the entire mass. The flint is a typical hornstone, 
being dark, almost black, in freshly exposed surfaces of large nodules 
and weathering to a light gray or bluish gray. Very few of them 
show concentric rings when broken, but such rings are common on 
specimens which have been long acted on by the air. 
In front of Mauck’s house a tract of high level bottom land con- 
taining 5 or 6 acres is thickly covered with broken nodules, chips, 
spalls and fragments. 
On John Kintner’s land, across the creek from Mauck’s, is another 
quarry, less in extent but with pits somewhat larger and deeper. 
On “the Widow Bottle’s farm,” at Rocky Hollow (sec. 31, T. 4, 
R. 3), 14% miles below Mauck’s, are a few small, shallow pits on top 
of the cliff above the creek; and chips occur on a little knoll near by. 
On the farm of David Jacobs, known as “the old Stockslager 
place,” diggings are reported; but no one living in the vicinity 
knew anything about them. Along the road forming one boundary 
of the farm the ground is covered with nodules up to 8 inches in 
diameter. This flint can be chipped out by single blows with a ham- 
mer in flakes one-fourth of an inch or less in thickness and 3 or 4 
inches across, with a smooth, clean fracture surface. Many chips are 
scattered about the fields on this farm, and a field across the road 
from it is called “the flint field,” the ground being covered over an 
area of 3 or 4 acres, in fact almost hidden from sight in spots, with 
fragments due to aboriginal work. While the nodules now on the 
surface seem perfectly adapted to such uses, it may be that they have 
been uncovered by erosion since the Indians resorted to the place; 
and also, that diggings exist in the woods or have been obliterated 
by cultivation. 
At Valley City the ground over several fields seems to have long 
been the site of arrowhead factories. On nearly every farm through 
the low level ground in this vicinity beds of nodules are found, vary- 
ing from a few rods to 3 or 4 acres in extent; but no digging seems 
ever to have been carried on. Finished or partially finished imple- 
ments are abundant, and small workshops exist at various places 
within a mile or two of the crossroads postoffice of Valley City. 
