538 ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS—II [prH. ANN. 44 
of them shaped into large or roughly made specimens which could be 
used as hatchets or digging tools; but no finished pieces were found 
which would denote that any implement, large or small, had been 
completed here. Some of these are seen in Plate 98. With them, at 
the center of the top row, is a much weathered grooved hammer or 
broken ax which was found on top of a high hill, a mile from the 
nearest flint bed. 
On Frank Andrews’s land, in the NW. 14 of see. 23, adjoining the 
above, similar conditions of clay, chert and limestone formations 
and arrangement appear; and here also excavations were: made in 
the same manner as those just described. About 30 acres have been 
dug over on the Andrews farm; so that, altogether, all the work- 
able flint found in the clay comprisimg an area of fully 60 acres 
has been dug out, and such of it as could be utilized carried away. 
Finely wrought spearheads, knives, and arrowpoints are found 
in abundance throughout the region, but no workshop was dis- 
covered where the final touches had been given them. Such shops 
exist, of course, but are now hidden by overgrowth. Very little of 
the ground suitable for camps or village sites is under cultivation. 
The chert found in this locality is grayish-white or almost white, 
extremely hard and fine-grained, difficult to work, but making an 
implement almost as efficient as steel for cutting or piercing. 
The diggings are not confined to the hilltops, but extend down the 
slopes as far as embedded nodules of the desired quality could be 
found; in fact, there are indications that much of the work began 
toward the foot of the slopes, in numerous places, and was carried up 
the hill, all clay that was thick enough to preserve the nodules from 
deterioration by weathering being removed down to the underlying 
limestone and thrown back as the work progressed. 
An interesting feature in connection with these quarries is a 
group of house mounds along a wide, shallow drainage valley ex- 
tending northward on the western side of the Richard Preston hill. 
About twenty of these mounds were found, though there may be 
others hidden by the undergrowth. Whether there is any relation or 
connection between these mounds and the diggings is not certain, but 
it is quite probable that all the work is due to the same tribe or 
people. 
Tn addition to the house mounds noted at the quarries, there are 
many small groups scattered over the prairie for several miles to the 
north and east of Bolivar; and still others are said to exist in parts 
of the county not visited. There seems to have been no extensive 
settlement, but rather a number of small villages or camps. At 
one time a considerable population may have lived around here; 
but it is more probable that these sites are due to a small number 
