FEWKES] ARCHEOLOGICAL OBJECTS 153 



circles, from another consideration — tlie relation of semis and collars 

 to serpent worship. The backs of the heads of several niammi- 

 fonn idols have similar circular figures cut with great care; they 

 sometimes appear also on the surface of the stone collars which are 

 identified as the backs of serpents. It is suggested that these facts, 

 taken with others, reveal the true nature of ring stones and mam- 

 miform ztiiiis, to the elalioration of which hypothesis a special paper 

 might be devoted. 



The pictograph figured as h is oval in form, with two pits repre- 

 senting the e3-es and a median groove between them. Although this 

 is a rare form, it is on the whole comparable with those previously 

 described. 



Two horns on the head of the pictographs recall similar appendages 

 to the heads of figures from the island of (xuadeloupe, reproduced in 

 Mason's monograph. The proper interpretation of these appendages 

 is beyond the author's ability, but attention may here be called to the 

 fact that in stone amulets and in burnt-cla\' figures the Antilleans often 

 represented the fore legs or arms al)ove the head. In such cases, 

 however, hands, fingers, or claws are commonly indicated, liut no sign 

 of these appears in the pictographs. 



There is a second group of well-preserved river pictographs on a 

 rock in the middle of the stream befoi'e mentioned, higher up than 

 those on Senor Roig's farm, near Sefior Salvador Pouz's house. These 

 also are readily accessible from the road, being cut on a bowlder just 

 back of the outhouses of the residence. Their situation is such, how- 

 ever, that it is impossible to take good photographs of them. An 

 examination of them shows that thej' do not differ greatly from those 

 just figured and described, from the bowlder which marks the south- 

 eastern corner of the Roig farm. The pictographs of the second 

 group are figured as /. Thev repeat the features alreadj' considered, 

 which likewise occur on the walls of caves to be described later. In 

 the upper member thei'e are two spirals facing each other and united. 

 Unlike the other spiral-form pictographs, this figure has a circle 

 between the two terminal spirals. In a lower figure there is a repi'esen- 

 tation of the human face with its mouth connected by a median groove 

 with the top of the head, and above it a circle with radiating lines 

 recalling solar rays. This upper figure would appear to represent a 

 crown " drawn out of perspective, and the radiating lines the feathers 

 which were appended to it. 



Still ascending the river a few hundred j'ards beyond the picto- 

 graphs last recorded, one reaches a beautiful waterfall called El Salto 

 de Merovis, situated about 6 miles from Utuado, where also is found 

 a group of river pictographs, differing somewhat from those 



a There are frequent references by early writers to crowns with feathers worn by persons of rank, 

 like caciques. Guacanagari gave Columbus one of these objects, which he took to Spain to present 

 to the I'ing and queen. 



