FEWKER] OBJECTS FROM CEMPOALAN AND XICO 251 



considerable attention to a study of this collection bj" permission 

 of the governor, who has allowed him to photograph and publish 

 figures of objects therein. Sra Estefania Salas of Jalapa has sev- 

 eral very instructive specimens from Otates" and elsewhere, which 

 supplement those above mentioned. These likewise were examined, 

 together with a few additional objects in other collections. Sev- 

 eral fine ceramic specimens illustrating Totonac culture wei-e pre- 

 sented to the author b}' Sr Alejandro Viu, alcalde of San Carlos. 

 The}' were found at Barra Chachalicas, near the mouth of the Actopan 

 river and therefore not far from Cempoalan. As their general char- 

 acter is Totonac, they may be regarded as well illustrating the general 

 feature of the ceramic art of Cempoalan. Not being permitted to 

 I'emove these specimens from the Republic, the author has been 

 obliged to rely on the accompanying plates made from photographs 

 of them while in Mexico. 



Classification 



The objects considered in the following pages are of clay or stone. 

 They differ in form and include besides vases, jars, and various forms 

 of ceramic ware, idols, weapons, and problematical objects, as stone 

 yokes, paddle stones, padlock stones, and animal effigies. The majority 

 of the ceramic objects are clay heads, some of which are of a very 

 remarkable form. 



Several aboriginal stone otijects from the vicinity of Xico are char- 

 acteristic of that region and markedly different from those found iu 

 Aztec or Totonac ruins. 



Some of the more striking types are: 



(1) Stone rings, or collars, ('2) closed rings or \'okes, (3) open yokes, (-i) 

 curved stones, (5) paddle-shaped stones, (6) human heads and birds 

 with notched bases, (7) stone feathers, (8) padlock-shaped stones, (9) 

 stone weapons.. 



STONE RING 



Among the more unusual ol>jects found in this region is the stone 

 ring of the Dehesa collection, the general form of which recalls that 

 of the stone collars of Porto Rico. None of these Mexican stone 

 yokes, however, have the characteristic panels, projections, and pro- 

 tuberances on the surface that are universally represented in some 

 form or other on Porto Rican stone collars. Many archeologists in 

 commenting on Mexican stone yokes have referred to their likeness 

 to Porto Rican collars, but have recognized in most instances that this 

 resemblance is of the most general nature. The nearest approach to 

 the Antillean stone collar that was seen by the author is the ring in 



"A pueblo about 2.5 miles east of Jalapa. 



