hrdlk'ka] THE YUKON TERRITORY 127 



knew already from their earlier explorers. Here they heard of an 

 even greater stream to the north. 



In 1831, on the recommendation of Vasilief, Michail Dmitrievich 

 Tebenkof was sent to Norton Sound with the view of further explo- 

 ration and the establishing of a post in that region. Tebenkof dis- 

 covered that Cape Stephens was not a part of the mainland but of 

 an island: and he built here a fortified post which in honor of his 

 patron saint is called St. Michael, a name which subsequently passed 

 to the whole island. The post was to serve both trade and further 

 exploration. 



From St. Michael, at the end of 1834, a small party is sent out 

 under the leadership of an educated " kreol " (son of a native mother 

 and Russian father), Andrei Glazunof, and on January 26, 1835, they 

 reach the good-sized Indian village of Anvik, on the Kwikhpak, or 

 Yukon. 15 From here Glazunof travels down the river to the large 

 village of Aninulykhtykh-pak (above Holy Cross), the last Indian 

 (as distinguished from Eskimo) village down the river, whence 

 Glazunof sends most of his party back to St. Michael and himself 

 proceeds to the Kuskokwim. 



In 1836 the Russians effect the first settlement on the Yukon, at 

 Ikogmiut (Zagoskin, 6), later known as the Russian Mission. 



In 1838 Malakof, over land portage, reaches Nulato and builds 

 there a trading post, which, during his absence the next winter, is 

 burned by the natives. In 1841 Dieriabin rebuilds and fortifies this 

 post, becomes its headman, and is there eventually (1851) killed by 

 the Indians. 



In 1841 Lieut. Laurenti Alexief Zagoskin is delegated to explore 

 the " Kwikhpak." with its portages to the Kotzebue Sound, and the 

 Kuskokwim River; and in 1843 he navigates and maps 600 miles of 

 the Yukon, or from about the mouth of the Apkhun (northern) pass 

 to the mouth of the Novitna River, with approximately 100 miles of 

 each, from their mouth, of the Koyukuk and of the Ittege (or 

 Innoko) Rivers. 



The Russian post at Nulato remains until the sale of their American 

 dominions by the Russians to the United States in 1867. From it and 

 from St. Michael individual Russian traders ranged over the river 



15 There is some confusion about the exact date of Glazunof's Journey, partly due per- 

 haps to the fact that he started on Dec. 30. Wrangell (Stat, and Ethnog. Nachricht., 138) 

 says that Glazunof's expedition was outfitted the same year (1833) in which the St. 

 Michael redoubt was established. In Zeleny's abstract of Zagoskin's report (p. 212) and 

 by Zagoskin himself (pp. 0, 23| the deparlure of the expedition is put a year later, or 

 1834, which is probably correct. Dall's remarks (Alaska and Its Resources, 270. 338) 

 on the subject contain several errors, both of dates and facts. There is also considerable 

 confusion as to the names Kvikhpak and Yukon. The term Kvikhpak (Kvikh, river; pak, 

 large) is of Eskimo origin and was applied by these to that part of the river which they 

 occupied. The name Yukon, or something near this, is of Indian derivation and was 

 applied I" those parts of the river, below Tanana at least, that were peopled by the 

 Khotana or Indians. 



