150 ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY IN ALASKA [ETH. ANN. 46 



ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE YUKON 



Notes on the physique of the Yukon natives are found in the reports 

 of all the explorers of the river, but they are imperfect and of little 

 scientific value; the principal ones are given below. 23 Anthropo- 

 metric observations on the living people of the middle and lower 

 Yukon, with its tributaries, are nonexistent.-' As to crania, there 

 are a few measurements on two " Yukon Indian " skulls (No. 7530, 

 and probably No. 7531), and on three crania of the Yukon Eskimo, 

 by Jeffries Wyman (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1868. XI, 452) ; on 

 one " Ingaleet " and three " Mahlemut " or Norton Sound Eskimo 

 skulls by George A. Otis (List of Specimens, etc., 35) ; and on four 

 skulls collected by Dall, one from Nulato and the rest presumably 

 from St. Michael* by Hrdlicka (Catal. of Crania, p. 30, Nos. 242925, 

 242899, 242901, 242936). 



The Living Indian 



Notes on the living Indians of the Yukon have already been given 

 in the Narrative. They will be briefly summarized in this place. 

 Measurements of the living were impracticable during the journey. 



Pure bloods. — The Yukon Indians are a sparse and largely mixed 



23 Glazunof (Wrangell, Stat, und Ethnog. Nadir., 146-147): "The men are big, 

 brunette, with bristly black hair." 



Zagoskin (pt. n, 61-62) : "The Tinneh belong in general to the American family of 

 redskins, but marked external differences are perceptible in those who are mixed with the 

 Eskimo. The Tinneh are of medium stature, rather dry but well shaped, with oblong 

 face, forehead medium, upright, frequently hairy, nose broad and straight, hooked, eyes 

 black and dark brown, rather large * * * expression intelligent, in those of more 

 distant tribes somber, roving ; lips full, compressed ; teeth white, straight ; hair straight, 

 black to dark brown, fairly soft ; many of the men hairy over the body and with fairly 

 thick, short mustache and beard; hands and feet medium, calves small; in general lively, 

 communicative, cheerful, and very fond of pleasure and song." 



Dall, William II., Alaska and Its Resources, 53-54 : " The Ingaliks are, as a rule, tall, 

 well made, but slender. They have very long, squarely oval faces, high, prominent cheek 

 bones, large ears, small mouths, noses, and eyes, and an unusually large lower jaw. The 

 nose is well formed and aquiline, but small in proportion to the rest of the face. The 

 hair is long, coarse, and black, and generally parted in the middle. * * * Their com- 

 plexion is an ashy brown, perhaps from dirt in many cases, and they seldom have much 

 color. On the other hand, the Koydkuns, with the same high cheek bones and piercing 

 eyes, have much shorter faces, more roundly oval, of a pale olive hue, and frequently 

 arched eyebrows and a fine color. They are the most attractive in appearance of the 

 Indians in this part of the territory, as they are the most untamable. The women espe- 

 cially are more attractive than those among the Ingaliks, whose square faces and ashy 

 complexion render the latter very plain, not to say repulsive." (Some of these statements 

 were evidently somewhat in error. — A. H.) 



Schwatka, F. (Milit. Reconn. (1883), Comp. Narr. Explor. Alas., 350) : "As regards 

 these Ingaliks as a class, they are, as a rule, of average height, tolerably well built, but 

 slender, differing in this respect from the natives farther down tbe river. They have 

 long black hair and a complexion brown by nature, but often verging toward black on 

 account of a liberal covering of dirt." 



See also Richardson, J. (Arctic Search. Exp., I, 370). Jones, S., The Kutchin Tribes 

 (Smiths. Rept. for 1866, 320-327). Whymper, F., Travel and Advent., etc.; and later 

 writers (including Bancroft's "Native Races," etc., I. 127 et seq.). 



-'* Ten (S m. 2 f.) Loucheux, or Kucha-Kuchin, from the upper Yukon, were measured 

 by A. J. Stone and reported by F. Boas (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, vol. xrv, 

 pp. 53-68, 1901). 



