HRDLICKA] 



ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE YUKON 



157 



stained by manganese and iron and all are distinctly heavier than 

 normal, showing some grade of fossilization. They closely resemble 

 m all these respects the numerous animal bones from the bank and 

 in all differ from the later surface burials of the place. 



THE CRANIA 



The male skull, No. 332513, is represented by the frontal bone 

 united with a larger part of the face, a separated left temporal, and 

 the right half of the lower jaw. A large Inca bone, recovered from 

 the beach a year later, may also belong to the same specimen. The 

 missing parts are probably still somewhere in the sands of the 

 beach where there is going on a very instructive scattering and redep- 

 osition on a 4 to 6 feet lower level of the contents of the old bank. 



The skull is that of a male of somewhat over 50 years of age, judg- 

 ing from the moderate to marked wear of the remaining teeth. It is 

 a normal undeformed specimen, and the same applies to the bones 

 of the skeleton. 



Notes and measurements. — The frontal shows a medium develop- 

 ment, no slope. The supraorbital ridges are rather weakly developed 

 for a male, leaving the upper borders of the orbits rather sharp. 



Cm. 

 Diameter frontal minimum 9.75 



Diameter frontal maximum 11. 8 



Diameter nasion-bregma 11. 5 



The skull as a whole was evidently mesocephalic, and neither low 

 nor very high. The thickness of the frontal is about medium for 

 an Indian. 



The face is of medium proportions and strength, with rather large 

 orbits, good interorbital breadth, medium malars. medium broad 

 nose, and but moderate alveolar prognathism. The nasal bridge is 

 not high, nasal bones fairly broad, spine moderate, lower borders 

 well defined though not sharp. The submalar (canine) fossae are 

 shallow. 



Measurements 



Alveolar point-nasion 



height cm_ 7. 8 



Facial breadth about medium 



for an Indian. 

 Nose: 



Height cm 5.5 



Breadth, near cm.. 2. 7."> 



Index 50 



Left orbit : 



Height cm 3.75 



Breadth cm 4 



Index 93.7 



Minimum interorbital dis- 

 tance cm 2. 6 



Upper dental arch: 



Length, approximately_cm-_ 5. 6 



Breadth, approxi- 

 mately cm.. 7 



Index, approximately 80 



Lower jaw : 



Height at symphysis ap- 

 proximately cm 



Thickness at M a (with the 

 tooth held midway be- 

 tween branches of com- 

 pass) em 



Height of asc. ramus— cm 



Breadth minimum of asc. 

 ramus cm 3. 7 



4.1 



1.5 

 G.9 



