214 ANTHROPOLOGICAL, SURVEY IN ALASKA [eth. ann. 46 



1821, Kotzebue: 46 



Koteebue Sound. — The Americans [i. e., Eskimo] are of a middle size, robust 

 make, and healthy appearance ; their countenances * * * are characterized 

 by small eyes and very high cheek bones. 



1832, Beechey: 47 



The western Esquimaux appear to be intimately connected with the tribes in- 

 habiting the northern and northeastern shores of America, in language, fea- 

 tures, manners, and customs. They at the same time, in many respects, re- 

 semble the Tschutschi, from whom they are probably descended. * * * 



They are taller in stature than the eastern Esquimaux, their average height 

 being about 5 feet 7 1 / £ inches. They are also a better looking race, if I may 

 judge from the natives I saw in Baffin's Bay, and from the portraits of others 

 that have been published. At a comparatively early age, however, they (the 

 women in particular) soon lose this comeliness, and old age is attended with a 

 haggard and careworn countenance, rendered more unbecoming by sore eyes 

 and by teeth worn to the gums by frequent mastication of hard substances. 



1850, Latham: 48 



Physically the Eskimo is a Mongol and Asiatic. 



The Eskimos of the Atlantic are not only easily distinguished from the 

 tribes of American aborigines which lies to the south or west of them, and with 

 which they come in contact, but they stand in strong contrast and opposition 

 to them — a contrast and opposition exhibited equally in appearance, manners, 

 language, and one which has had full justice done to it by those who have 

 written on the subject. 



It is not so with the Eskimos of Russian-America, and the parts that look 

 upon the Pacific. These are so far from being separated by any broad and 

 trenchant line of demarcation from the proper Indians or the so-called red 

 race, that they pass gradually into it, and that in respect to their habits, man- 

 ner, and api>earanee. equally. So far is this the ease that he would be a bold 

 man who should venture, in speaking of the southern tribes of Russian-America, 

 to say here the Eskimo area ends and here a different area begins. 



1853, Hooper : 49 



Kotzebue Sound Esquimcaux. — The men generally were taller than the aver- 

 age of Europeans, strongly built and well formed ; some had well-marked fea- 

 tures * * *. The women were generally short, the visages of the younger 

 ones tolerably good but * * * the very reverse was the case with the dames 

 of more advanced age. Their figures inclined to the squat, their mien and ex- 

 pression promised intelligence and good nature. Although both sexes had in 

 most instances the round flat face of the Mongolian cast, a few individuals 

 possessed well-defined, though petite features, and tt\\ had fine eyes. 



'" Kotzebue. Otto von, A voyage of discovery into the South Sea and Bering Strait, 

 1815-1818, vol. 1, p. 209. London, 1821. 



47 Beechey, F. W., Narrative of a voyage to the Pacific and Bering Strait. Philadelphia, 

 1832, pp. 474-476. 



48 Latham, Robert G., The varieties of man. London, 1850, pp. 290-202. 



"Hooper, W. H., Ten months among the tents of the Tuski. London, 1853, pp. 223-224. 



