216 ANTHROPOLOGICAL, 3UKVEY IN ALASKA [hth. ANN. « 



much weather beaten and furrowed. The greatest breadth of the face is just 

 below the eyes, the forehead tapers upward, ending narrowly, but not acutely, 

 and in like manner the chin Is a blunt cone; both the forehead and the chin 

 recede, the egg outline showing in profile, though not so strongly, as in a 

 front view. The nose is broad and depressed, but not in all, some individuals 

 having prominent noses, yet almost all have wider nostrils than Europeans. 

 The eyes have small and oblique apertures like the Chinese, and from frequent 

 attacks of ophthalmia and the effect of lamp smoke in their winter habitations 

 ailults of both sexes are disfigured by excoriated or ulcerated eyelids. The 

 sight of these people is, from its constant exercise, extremely keen, and the 

 habit of bringing the eyelids nearly together when looking at distant objects 

 has in all the grown males produced a striking cluster of furrows radiating 

 from the outer corners of each eye over the temples. 



The complexions of the Eskimos when relieved from smoke and dirt are 

 nearly white and show little of the copper color of the red Indians. Infants 

 have a good deal of red on the cheeks, and when by chance their faces are 

 tolerably clean are much like European children, the national peculiarities of 

 countenance being slighter at an early age. Many of the young women appear 

 even pretty from the liveliness and good nature that beams in their counte- 

 nances. The old women are frightfully ugly * * *. 



The young men have little beard, but some of the old ones have a tolerable 

 show of long gray hairs on the upper lip and chin. * * * The Eskimo 

 beard, however, is in no instance so dense as a European one. 



The hair of the head is black and coarse, the lips thickish, and the teeth of 

 the young people white and regular, but the sand that, through want of cleanli- 

 ness, mixes with their food, wears the teeth down at an early age almost to 

 the level of the gums, so that the incisors often have broad crowns like the 

 molars. 



The average stature of the Eskimos is below the English standard, but they 

 can not be said to be a dwarfish race. The men vary in height from about 

 5 feet to 5 feet 10 inches or even more. They are a broad-shouldered race, 

 and when seated in their kayaks look tall and muscular, but when standing 

 lose their apparent height by a seemingly disproportionate shortness of the 

 lower extremities. This want of symmetry may arise from the dress, as the 

 proportions of various parts of the body have not been tested by accurate 

 measurements. The hands and feet are delicately small and well formed. 

 Mr. Simpson (Blue Book, 1855) observed an undue shortness of the thumb in 

 the western Eskimos, which, if it exists farther to the east, was not noted by 

 the members of the searching expeditions. 



1870, Dall : 52 



Page 136: The Innuit, as they call themselves, belong to the same family as 

 the northern and western Eskimo. I have frequently used the term Eskimo 

 in referring to them, but they are in many respects very different people. 

 * * * It should be thoroughly and definitely understood that they are not 

 Indians nor have they any known relation, physically * * * to the Indian 

 tribes of North America. Their grammar, appearance, habits, and even their 

 anatomy, especially in the form of the skull, separate them widely from the 

 Indian race. On the other hand, it is almost equally questionable whether 

 they are even distinctly [distantly?] related to the Chukchees and other prob- 

 ably Mongolian races, of the eastern part of Siberia. 



"Dall, W. H., Alaska and Its Resources. Boston, 1870. 



