HRDM.KA] PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 219 



fully shaped hands and feet;" a pyramidal head;™ a broad egg-shaped (ace; 

 high rounded cheek bones; flat nose; small oblique eyes: large mouth; teeth 

 regular, but well worn;™ coarse black hair closely cut upon the crown, leav- 

 ing a monk-like ring around the edge,™ and a paucity of beard." 81 



more than 5 feet in height."— Figuier's Human Race, p. 211. At Kotzebur Sound " tallest 

 man was 5 feet '.i Inches ; tallest womau 5 feet 4 inches." — Beechey's Voy., I, 300. 

 "Average height was S feet 4V-j inches"; at the mouth of the Mackenzie they arc of 

 " middle stature, strong, and muscular." — Armstrong's Nar., 149, 192. " Low, broad set, 

 not well made nor strong." — Ilearne's Trav., ij. 1GC. " The men were in general stout." — 

 Franklin's Xar. I. 29. "Of a middle size, robust make, and healthy appearance." — 

 Kotzebue's Voy., i, 209. " Men vary in height from about 5 feet to 5 feet 10 inches."— 

 Richardson's Pol. Reg., p. 304. " Women were generally short." " Their figure inclines 

 to squat." — Hooper's Tuski. p. 224. 



''Hands and feet. — " Tous les individus qui appartiennent a la famine des Esquimaux 

 se distinguent par la petitesse de leurs pieds et de kurs mains, et la grosseur £norme de 

 leurs tetes." — De I'auw, Recherches Phil. I, 202. " The hands, and feet are delicately 

 small and well formed." — Richardson's Pol. Reg., p. 304. " Small and beautifully made." — 

 Seemann's Voy. Herald, n. 50. At Point Barrow "Their hands, notwithstanding the great 

 amount of manual labor to which they are subject, were beautifully small and well formed, 

 a description equally applicable to their feet. ' — Armstrong's Xar., p. 101. 



M Head. — "The head is of good size, rather flat superiorly, but very fully developed 

 posteriorly, evidencing a preponderance of the animal passions ; the forehead was for the 

 most part low and receding ; in a few It was somewhat vertical but narrow." — Arm- 

 si mug's Xar., p. 193. Their cranial characteristics "arc the strongly developed coronary 

 ridge, the obliquity of the zygoma, and its greater capacity compared with the Indian 

 cranium. The former is essentially pyramidal, while the latter more nearly approaches a 

 cubic shape." — Dall's Alaska, p. 370. " Greatest breadth of the face is just below the eyes, 

 the forehead tapers upwards, ending narrowly but not acutely, and in like manner the 

 chin is a blunt cone." — Richardson's Pol. Reg., p. 302. Doctor Gall, whose observations on 

 the same skulls presented him for phrenological observation are published by M. Louis 

 C'horis, thus comments upon the head of a female Eskimo from Kotzebue Sound : 

 " L'organe de l'insinct de la propagation se trouve extreineinent develope pour une tete de 

 femmc." He finds the musical and intellectual organs poorly developed, while vanity and 

 love of children are well displayed. " En general," sagely concluded the doctor, " cette 

 tete femme prCsentait une organization aussi heureuse que cellc de la plupart des femmes 

 d'Europe." — Voy. Pitt., pt. n, p. 10. 



'"Face. — "Large, fat, round faces, high cheek bones, small hazel eyes, eyebrows slant- 

 ing like the Chinese, and wide mouths." — Beechey's Voy.. i, 34."). "Broad, flat faces, 

 high cheek bones." — Doctor Hayes in Hist. Mag., t. p. 0. Their " teeth are regular, but 

 from the nature of their food and from their practice of preparing hides by chewing, are 

 worn down almost to the gums at an early age-" — Seemann's Voy. Herald, II, 51. At 

 Hudson Strait, "broad, flat, pleasing face; small and generally sore eyes; given to bleed- 

 ing at the nose." — Franklin's Nar., I, 29. "Small eyes and very high cheek bones." — 

 Kotzebue's Voy., i, 209. " La face platte, la bouche roude. le nez petit sans etre ecrase, 

 le blanc de I'oeil Jaunutre, l'iris noir et peu brillant." — De I'auw, Recherches Phil . i, 2G2. 

 They have " small, wild-looking eyes, large and very foul teeth, the hair generally black, 

 but sometimes fair, and always in extreme disordi r." — Brownell's Indian Races, p. 407. 

 "As contrasted with the other native American races, their eyes are remarkable, being 

 narrow and more or less oblique." — Richardson's Xar., i, 343. "Expression of face 

 intelligent and good natured. Both sexes have mostly round, flat faces, with Mongolian 

 east."- -Hooper's Tuski, p. 223. 



00 Hair. — "Allowed to hang down in a club to the shoulder." — Richardson's Pol. Reg., 

 p. 303. "Their hair is straight, black, and coarse." — Seemann's Voy. Herald, II, 51. 

 A fierce expression characterized them on the McKenzie River, which " was increase d bj 

 the long, disheveled hair flowing about their shoulders." -Armstrong's Xar.. p. 149. 



81 Beard. — "The old men had a few gray hairs on their chins, but the young ones, 

 though grown up, were beardless." — Beechey's Voy., I. 322. "The possession of a beard 

 is very rare, but a slight mustache is not infrequent." — Seemann's Voy. Herald, II, 51. 

 "As the men grow old they have more hair on the face than red Indians." — Richardson's 

 Xar., t, 343. "Generally an absence of beard and whiskers." — Armstrong's Xar., p. 193. 

 "Beard is universally wanting." — Kotzebue's Voy.. i, 252. "The young men have little 

 beard, but some of the old ones have a tolerable -how of long, gray hairs on the upper lip 

 and chin." — Richardson's Pol. Reg., p. 303. "All have beards." — Bell's Geography, v. 291. 

 Kirby affirms that in Alaska "many of them have a profusion of whiskers and beard." — 

 Smiths. Report, 1864, p. 416. 



