HBBUCKA] physical anthropology 221 



vidual arrives nt maturity, the opposing surfaces of the eye and front teeth 

 are perfectly flat, independently of the wear they are subjected to in every 

 possible way to assist the hands. The expression of the countenance is one 

 of habitual good humor in the great majority of both sexes, but is a good deal 

 marred in the men by wearing heavy lip ornaments. * * * 



While young the women are generally well formed and good looking, having 

 good eyes and teeth. To a few, who besides possessed something of the Circas- 

 sian cast of features, was attributed a certain degree of brunette beauty. 

 Their hands and feet are small, and the former delicate in the young, but soon 

 become rough and coarse when the household cares devolve upon them. Their 

 movements are awkward and ungainly, and though capable of making long 

 journeys on foot, it is almost painful to see many of them walk. Unlike the 

 men, they shuffle along commonly a little sideways, with the toes turned in- 

 wards, stooping slightly forward as if carrying a burden, and their general 

 appearance is not enhanced by the coat being made large enough to accom- 

 modate a child on the back, whilst the tight-fitting nether garment only serves 

 to display the deformity of their bow legs. * * * 



The physical constitution of both sexes is strong, and they bear exposure 

 during the coldest weather for many hours together without appearing incon- 

 venienced, further than occasional frostbites on the cheeks. They also show 

 great endurance of fatigue during their journeys in the summer, particularly 

 that part in which they require to drag the family boat, laden with their sum- 

 mer tent and all their moveables, on a sledge over the ice. 



Extreme longevity is probably not unknown among them; but as they take 

 no heed to number the years as they pass, they can form no guess of their 

 own ages, invariably stating " they have many years." Judging altogether 

 from appearance, a man whom we saw in the neighborhood of Kotzebue Sound 

 could not be less than 80 years of age. He had long been confined to his bed 

 and appeared quite in his dotage. There was another at Point Barrow, whose 

 wrinkled face, silvery hair, toothless gums, and shrunk limbs indicated an age 

 nothing short of 75. This man died in the month of April. W53, and had paid 

 a visit to the ship only a few days before, when his intellect seemed unim- 

 paired, and his vision wonderfully acute for his time of life. There is another 

 still alive, who is said to be a few years older. 



1877, Dall : 63 



Page 9 : The Orarians are distinguished * * * by a light fresh yellow 

 complexion, fine color, broad build, scaphocephalic head, great cranial capacity, 

 and obliquity of the arch of the zygoma. 



Page 17: The Ekogmut inhabit the Yukon delta from about Kipniuk to Pasto- 

 lik * * *. Their most noticeable personal peculiarity consists in their hairy 

 bodies and strong beards. 



1884, Hooper : " 



About 3,000 Innuits inhabit the northwest coast of America, from the Col- 

 ville River, on the east, to Bering Strait, including the islands therein, on the 

 west, Many of these came under my observation while cruising in the Arctic 

 Ocean in command of the Conpiii. 



In appearance they are tall and muscular, many being 6 feet in height, and 

 some were seen that would exceed that even. Their peculiar dress gives them 



03 Dall, W. H., Tribes of the Extreme Northwest Contribution to North American 

 Ethnology, I, Washington, 1877. 



M Hooper, C. L., Report of cruise of the revenue steamer Corurin, 1881. Washington, 

 1884. p. 101. 



