hrdlicka] physical ANTHROPOLOGY 223 



pounds. The hands and feet are small and well shaped, though the former 

 soon become distorted and roughened by work. We did not observe the pecu- 

 liar breadth of hands noticed by Doctor Simpson, nor is the shortness of the 

 thumb which he mentions sufficient to attract attention. Their feet are so 

 small that only one of our party, who is much below the ordinary size, was 

 able to wear the boots made by the natives for themselves. Small and delicate 

 hands and feet appear to be a universal characteristic of the Eskimo race and 

 have been mentioned by most observers from Greenland to Alaska. 



The face is broad, flat, and round, with high cheek bones and rather low 

 forehead, broad across the brow and narrowing above, while the head is some- 

 what pointed toward the crown. The peculiar shape of the head is somewhat 

 masked by the way of wearing the hair and is best seeu in the skull. The 

 nose is short, with little or no bridge — few Eskimo were able to wear our 

 spring eyeglasses — and broad, especially across the aire nasse, with a peculiar, 

 rounded, somewhat bulbous tip, and large nostrils. The eyes are horizontal, 

 with rather full lids and are but slightly sunken below the level of the fare. 



The mouth is large and the lips full, especially the under one. The teeth are 

 naturally large, and in youth are white and generally regular, hut by middle 

 age they are generally worn down to flat-crowned stumps, as is usual among 

 the Eskimo. The color of the skin is a light yellowish brown, with often con- 

 siderable ruddy color on the cheeks and lips. There appears to be much natural 

 variation in the complexion, some women being nearly as fair as Europeans, 

 while other individuals seem to have naturally a coppery color. In most cases 

 the complexion appears darker than it really is from the effects of exposure 

 to the weather. All sunburn very easily, especially in the spring, when there 

 is a strong reflection from the snow. 



The old are much wrinkled, and they frequently suffer from watery eyes, 

 with large sacks under them, which begin to form at a comparatively early 

 use. There is considerable variation in features, as well as complexion, among 

 them, even in cases where there seems to be no suspicion of mixed blood. 

 There were several men among them with decided aquiline noses and some- 

 thing of a Hebrew cast of countenance. The eyes are of various shades of 

 dark brown — two pairs of light hazel eyes were observed — and are often 

 handsome. The hair is black, perfectly straight, and very thick. With the men 

 it is generally coarser than with the women, who sometimes have very long 

 and silky hair, though it generally does not reach much below the shoulders. 

 The eyebrows are thin and the beard scanty, growing mostly upon the upper 

 lip and chin and seldom appearing under the age of 20. In this they re- 

 semble most Eskimo. Back, however, speaks of the "luxuriant beards and 

 flowing mustaches " of the Eskimo of the Great Fish River. Some of the 

 older men have rather heavy black mustaches, but there is much variation 

 in this respect. The upper part of the body, as much as is commonly exposed 

 in the house, is remarkably free from hair. The general expression is good 

 humored and attractive. 



The males, even when very young, are remarkable for their graceful and 

 dignified carriage. The body is held erect, with the shoulders square and 

 chest well thrown out, the knees straight, and the feet firmly planted on the 

 ground. In walking they move with long swinging elastic strides, the toes 

 well turned out and the arms swinging. * * * 



I should say thai they walked like well-built athletic white men. The women, 

 on the other hand, although possessing good physiques, are singularly un- 

 graceful in their movements. They walk at a sort of shuffling half trot, with 

 the toes turned in, the body leaning forward, and the arms hanging awkwardly. 



