iikdl.i.kaJ PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 225 



Rugged as the mountains among which they live, vigorous anil courageous, 

 they stop at nothing hut the Impossible to accomplish a desired end. Their 

 food supply is the reindeer, mountain sheep, ptarmigans, and fish. There are 

 many of the coast natives of this type, but they lack the healthy glow and the 

 indomitable will of the Nooatoks. 



The third type is the short, stumpy one, probably that of the old Eskimo be- 

 fore the admixture with southern tribes, now found on the Arctic coast. * * * 



The Eskimos have coarse, black hair, some with a tinge of brown. Many of 

 the coast people of both sexes are bald from scrofulous eruptions Males have 

 (he crown of the head closely cropped, so that reindeer may not see the waving 

 locks when the hunter creeps behind bunch grass. They have black eyes and 

 high cheek bones. The bones of the face are better protected from the severity 

 of the climate by a thicker covering of flesh than southern races. 



Among the coast people the nose is broad and flat, with very little or no ridge 

 between the eyes. The adult males have short mustaches, and some of the 

 elder ones — more noticeable in the interior — have rough, scraggy beards. Gen- 

 erally their beard is very scant, and most of them devote otherwise idle 

 hours to pulling out the hairs. 



1900, Nelson : " 9 



The Eskimo from Bering Strait to the lower Yukon are fairly well-built 

 people, averaging among the men about 5 feet 2 or 3 inches in height. The 

 Yukon Eskimo and those living southward from that river to the Kuskokwim 

 are, as a rule, shorter and more squarely built. The Kuskokwim people are 

 darker of complexion than those to the northward, and have rounder features. 

 The men commonly have a considerable growth of hair on their faces, be- 

 coming at times a thin beard 2 or 3 inches in length, with a well-developed 

 mustache. No such development of beard was seen elsewhere in the territory 

 visited. 



The people in the coast region between the mouths of the Kuskokwim and the 

 Yukon have peculiarly high cheek bones and sharp chins, which unite to give 

 their faces a curiously pointed, triangular appearance. At the village of 

 Kaialigamut I was impressed by the strong development of the superciliary 

 ridge. From a point almost directly over the pupil of the eye and extending 

 thence inward to the median line of the forehead is a strong bony ridge caus- 

 ing the brow to stand out sharply. From the outer edge of this the skull 

 appeal's as though beveled away to the ears, giving the temporal area a con- 

 siderable enlargement beyond that usually shown. This curious development 

 of the skull is rendered still more striking by the fact that the bridge of the 

 nose is low, as usual among these people, so that the shelf-like projection of 

 the brow stands out in strong relief. It is most strongly marked among the 

 men and appears to be characteristic at this place. Elsewhere in this district 

 it was noted only rarely here and there. 



All of the people in the district about Capes Vancouver and Romanzof, and 

 thence to the Yukon mouth, are of unusually light complexion. Some of the 

 women have a pale, slightly yellowish color, with pink cheeks, differing but 

 little in complexion from that of a sallow woman of Caucasian blood. This 

 light complexion is so exceptionally striking that wherever they travel these 

 people are readily distinguished from other Eskimo, and before I visited their 

 territory I had learned to know them by their complexion whenever they came 

 to St. Michael. 



"Nelson. Edward W., The Eskimo about Bering Strait. Eighteenth Ann. Kept. Bur. 

 Amer. Etnn.. Washington, 1900. pp. 26-29. 



