226 ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY IN ALASKA [ETH. ANN. 40 



The people of the district just mentioned nrp all very short and squarely 

 built. Inland from Cape Vancouver lies the flat marshy country about Big 

 Lake, which is situated between the Kuskokwim and the Yukon. It is a 

 well-populated district and its inhabitants differ from those near the coast 

 at the capes referred to, in being taller, more slender, and bavins more 

 squarely cut features. They also differ strikingly from any other Eskimo 

 with whom I came in contact, except those on Kowak River, in having the 

 bridge of the nose well developed and at times sufficiently prominent to sug- 

 gest the aquiline nose of our southern Indian tribes. 



The Eskimo of the Diomede Islands in Bering Strait, as well as those of 

 East Cape and Mecbigme and Plover Bays on the Siberian coast, and of St. 

 Lawrence Island are tall, strongly built people and are generally similar in 

 their physical features. These are characterized by the unusual beaviness of 

 the lower part of the face due to the very square and massive lower jaw. which, 

 combined with broad, high cheek bones and flattened nose, produces a wide, 

 flat face. These features are frequently accompanied with a low retreating 

 forehead, producing a decidedly repulsive physiognomy. The bridge of the nose 

 is si i low and the cheek bones so heavy that a profile view will frequently show 

 only the tip of the person's nose, the eyes and upper portion of the nose being 

 completely hidden by the prominent outline of the cheek. Their eyes are less 

 oblique than is common among the people living southward from the Yukon 

 mouth. Among the people at the northwestern end of St. Lawrence Island 

 there is a greater range of physiognomy than was noted at any other of the 

 Asiatic localities. 



The Point Hope people on the American coast have heavy jaws and well- 

 developed superciliary ridges. At Point Barrow the men are remarkable for 

 the irregularity of their features, amounting to a positive degree of ugliness, 

 which is increased and rendered specially prominent by the expression produced 

 by the short, tightly drawn upper lip, the projecting lower lip, and the small 

 beady eyes. The women and children of this place are in curious contrast, 

 having rather pleasant features of the usual type. 



The Eskimo from L T pper Kowak and Noatak Rivers who were met at the 

 summer camp on Hothani Inlet are notable for the fact that a considerable 

 number of them have hook noses and nearly all have a cast of countenance 

 very similar to that of the Yukon Tienne. They are a larger and more robustly 

 built people than these Indians, however, and speak the Eskimo language. 

 They wear labrets, practice the tonsure, and claim to be Eskimo. * * * 

 Among them was seen one man having a mop of coarse curly hair, almost 

 negroid in character. The same feature was observed in a number of men and 

 women on the Siberian coast between East Cape and Plover Bay. This latter 

 is undoubtedly the result of the Chukchi-Eskimo mixture, and in the case of 

 the man seen at Hotham Inlet the same result had been brought about by the 

 Eskimo-Indian combination. Among the Eskimo south of Bering Strait on the 

 American coast not a single instance of this kind was observed. The age of 

 the individuals having this curly hair renders it quite improbable that it came 

 from an admixture of blood with foreign voyagers, since some of them must 

 have been born at a time when vessels were extremely rare along these shores. 

 As a further argument against this curly hair having come from white nun, 

 I may add that I saw no trace of it among a number of people having partly 

 Caucasian blood. As a general thing, the Eskimo of the region described, have 

 small hands and feet and the features are oval in outline, rather flat and with 

 slightly oblique eyes. 



Children and young girls have round faces and often are very pleasant and 

 attractive in feature, the angular race characteristics becoming prominent after 



