hkdlicka] PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 227 



the individuals approach manhood. The women age rapidly, and only a very 

 small proportion of the people live to an advanced age. 



The Malemut and the people of Kaviak Peninsula, including those of the 

 islands in Bering Strait are tall, active, and remarkably well built. Among 

 them it is common to see men from 5 feet 10 inches to 6 feet tall and of pro- 

 portionate build. I should judge the average among them to be nearly or quite 

 equal in height to the whites. 



Among the coast Eskimos, as a rule, the legs are short and poorly developed, 

 while the body is long with disproportionately developed dorsal and lumbar 

 muscles, due to so much of their life being passed in the kaiak. 



The Eskimo of the Big Lake district, south of the Yukon, and from the Kaviak 

 Peninsula, as well as the Malemut about the head of Kotzcbue Sound, are on 

 the contrary very finely proportioned and athletic men who can not be equaled 

 among the Indians of the Yukon region. * * * There were a number of 

 half-blood children among the Eskimo, resulting from the Intercourse with 

 people from vessels and others, who generally show their Caucasian blood by 

 large, finely Shaped, and often remarkably beautiful brown eyes. The number 

 of these mixed bloods was not very great. 



1905, Jackson : 7,J 



The Eskimos of Alaska are a much finer race physically than their kindred 

 of Greenland and Labrador. In the extreme north, at Point Barrow, and 

 along the coast of Bering Sea they are of medium size. At Point Barrow the 

 average height of the males is 5 feet 3 inches and average weight 153 pounds; 

 of the women, 4 feet 11 inches and weight 135 pounds. On the Nushagak 

 River the average weight of the men is from 150 to 167 pounds. From Cape 

 Prince of Wales to Icy Cape along the Arctic Coast and on the great inland 

 rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean they are a large race, many of them 

 being 6 feet and over in height. 71 They are lighter in color and fairer than 

 the North American Indian, have black and brown eyes, black hair, some 

 with a tinge of brown, high cheek bones, fleshy faces, small hands and feet, 

 and good teeth. The men have thin beards. 



1916. Hawkes : 7 - 



The Alaskan Eskimo are a taller and more symmetrical people than their 

 brethren of the central and eastern districts. They lack that appearance of 

 stoutness and SQuatness inherent in the eastern stock, and for proportion and 

 development of the various parts of the body they do not compare unfavorably 

 with Indians and whites. It is not unusual to find in an Alaskan Eskimo 

 village several men who are 6 feet tall, with magnificent shoulders and arms 

 and bodily strength in proportion. The usual height, however, is about 1(58 

 centimeters for men, which is some 10 centimeters above the height of the 

 eastern Eskimo. * * * The average for women among the western Eskimo 

 is 158 centimeters, which approximates the height of the men in the Hudson 

 Bay region, 158 centimeters (Boas). The female type in Alaska is taller and 

 slimmer than in the east, and the width of the face is considerably less. 

 Eskimo women of large stature are often seen in the northern sect inn of 



70 Jackson, Sheldon, Our barbarous Eskimos in northern Alaska. Tho Mettopol. Mag., 

 Vol. xxu, New York, Juui . 1905, pp. 257-271. 



71 Either a bad misprint or bad error. — A. H. 



• Hawkes, Ernest William. Skeletal measurements and observations of the Point Barrow 

 Eskimo, with (omparisons with other Eskimo groups. Am. Anthrop., n. s. xvni, No. 2, 

 pp. 206-207, Lancaster, 1916. 



