232 ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY IN ALASKA [eth. ash. m 



recent visit to Philadelphia I enjoyed the advantage of examining, in company 

 with Dr. J. Aitken Meigs, a series of 125 [eastern] Esquimaux crania, ob- 

 tained by Doctor Hayes during his Arctic journey of i860. The comparison 

 between the Tchuktchi and the true Esquimaux skull is interesting. Without 

 being identical, the correspondence in form is such as their languages and 

 other affinities would suggest. Of the former, moreover, the number is too 

 few, and the derivation of all of them from one cemetery adds to the chances 

 of exceptional family features ; but on carefully examining the Hayes col- 

 lection with a view to this comparison, I found it was quite possible to select 

 an equal number of Esquimaux crania closely corresponding to the Tchuktchi 

 type, which indeed presents the most prominent characteristics of the former, 

 only less strongly marked. 



In Prehistoric Man, Volume II, Plate XV, this author gives also 

 the measurements of the Icy Cape skull recorded by Morton. 



The principal mean measurements of the six Tchuktchi skulls (both 

 sexes) were: Height, 17.60 centimeters; breadth, 13.59; height. 13.77; 

 cranial index, 77.2. 



The next measurements on western Eskimo crania are those given 

 in 1807 by J. Barnard Davis (Thes. cran.). This author measured 6 

 skulls, 3 of which were from Port Clarence (Seward Peninsula), 

 2 from Kotzebue Sound, and 1 from Cape Lisburne. The measure- 

 ments, regrettably, are in inches. They include the greatest glabello- 

 occipital length, greatest breadth, height (plane of for. magn. to 

 vertex), height of face (chin-nasion), and breadth of face (d. bizy- 

 gom. max.). The cranial index of the 4 specimens identified as 

 male averaged 75.5 (75-76), that of the 2 females 77.5 (77-78). On 

 page 226 the author mentions also an artificially deformed skull 

 of a Koniag; this was in all probability a wrong identification for 

 no such deformations are known from the island (Kodiak). 



In 1868 Jeffries AVyman 8I published measurements of 5 skulls of 

 " Tsuktshi," the same as those of Daniel Wilson, and of 5 from the 

 Yukon River, " three of which are Mahlemuts." 



The identification of the specimens was partly erroneous. The 

 data with corrected identification are republished by Dall (q. v.) in 

 1877. And the same skulls figure in all future measurements. 



In 1875 Topinard 82 gives the Barnard Davis measurements in 

 metric form without, so far as the western Eskimo are concerned, 

 any additions. 



The main measurements of Barnard Davis's western Eskimo skulls, 

 converted to metric values, follow. The sex identification in some 

 of the specimens is doubtful. 



"Observations on Crania. Proc. Bost. Sor. Nat. Hist., xi. 440-462. Boston, 18G8. 

 *■' Topinard, P., Mesures crauioinetriques des Esquimaux. Rev. d'Anthrop., 1873, II, 

 499-522. 



