HRDLI^KA] 



PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 



241 



The height of the forehead is larger in the Eskimo than in the white 

 males, equal in the females; the lower frontal breadth is equal in the 

 males but larger in the Eskimo than in the white female. Propor- 

 tionately to stature, which is so much lower in the Eskimo, both sexes 

 of the latter show an advantage in the dimension over the white. 



The percental relation of the breadth of the forehead to that of 

 the face reflects the excess of the latter in the Eskimo, particularly 

 the male. There is evidently not a full direct correlation between 

 the two dimensions. Yet relatively to its height the face is broader 

 in the females than in the males (see below), which is doubtless 

 not without influence on the lower breadth of the forehead in the 

 former. 



To summarize, the western Eskimo forehead exceeds in area that 

 of the American whites, in both sexes, and that particularly in rela- 

 tion to stature. As to the individual measurements, the male Eskimo 

 forehead as contrasted with that of the white is especially high, the 

 female especially broad. 



To which should be added that in the Eskimo the spheno-tem- 

 poral region is often remarkably full, almost bulging, so that, con- 

 trary to what may be observed in the Negro, the frontal maximum 

 diameter is also probably larger than in the whites, all of which 

 doubtless has significance, even though this is not yet fully under- 

 stood. 



The face. — The principal measurements and relations are given 

 below. They show a face large and especially broad. Moreover, 

 relatively to its height the face is especially broad in the Eskimo 

 female, in connection doubtless with the well-known excess of the 

 work (in softening leather, etc.) of her jaws, with consequent de- 

 velopment of the muscles of mastication, which in turn broaden the 

 zygomae. 



Dimensions of the Face 



Western Eskimo 



Old American whites 



Height menton-nasion 



Females to males (M = 100) 



Diameter bizygomatic maximum 



Females to males (M = 100) 



Facial index, anatomic 



Facial module (or mean diameter), ana- 

 tomic 



Female to male (M = 100) 



Percentage relation of female and male to 

 stature 



Male Female 



12. 67 11. 64 



91.9 

 14. 88 14. 30 



96. 1 

 85. 2 SI. 4 



13. 77 12. 97 



94-2 



8.43 



8.60 



Male Female 



12.15 11.09 



91.3 

 13. 87 12. 99 



93. 6 

 87. 6 85. 4 



13. 01 12. 04 



92.5 



7. 46 7. U 



