IIIiDI.K'KA J 



PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 



247 



is closer with the Indian. The Eskimo and the Indian women 

 are especially much alike, while the white women make a marked 

 exception — their calfs (as well as thighs) have more fat than is 

 found in those of their Eskimo and Indian sisters. 



Measurements of the Lec; 



Western Eskimo 



Southwestern and 



Mexican Indians 



(16 tribes) 



Old white 

 Americans 



Maximum girtli of left calf_. 



Percentage relation to stature 



Percentage relation to stat- 

 ure in those approaching 

 the Eskimo stature 



Females v. males (M = 100) 



Male 



33.6 



20. 7 



F final i 



31. 4 



Male 



34. 1 

 20. 58 



Female 

 32 

 20.54 



Mate 

 36. 1 

 SO. 3 



Female 

 35. 5 

 21.95 



22.3 



93. 5 



93.9 



98. 3 



Physiological Observations 



Due to various difficulties which do not exist to that extent elsewhere, 

 the physiological observations on the Eskimo are neither as numerous 

 or extended as would be desirable; yet there are some data of value. 

 They extend to the pulse, respiration, temperature, and dynamome- 

 tric tests of hand pressure. They were made mainly on St. Law- 

 rence and Nunivak Islands, by Moore, Collins, and Stewart. They 

 quite agree, especially after elimination of some records that are 

 clearly erroneous or abnormal. The tests should be extended with 

 even more rigid precautions in future work among the Eskimo. 



The results are given below. They were all made in the summer 

 season and on healthy subjects, j'et there were numerous indications 

 of temporary disorders, pathological or functional. Even after a 

 careful elimination of the obvious cases of such disorders not a few 

 minor irregularities have doubtless remained, so that the data can 

 not be taken for more than fairly close approximations to the normal. 



The data show remarkably low pulse, respiration rate and tem- 

 perature close to those of whites, with a submedium hand pressure. 

 (For comparative data see "Old Americans.'') The low pulse is 

 also characteristic in the Indian, as I have repeatedly pointed out 

 before (see especially my " Physiological and Medical Observations 

 among the Indians," etc., Bull. 34, Bur. Amer. Ethn., Washington, 

 1908). 



The dynamometric tests agree also better with those on the Indians 

 than with those on whites; they are valid only as to the hands, and 

 they embody not only the strength of the muscles but also that of the 

 conscious impulse behind them. The age factor, of importance, dues 

 not here enter materially into the case. 



